Department of Biotechnology, University of Engineering and Management, Kolkata, University Area, Plot, Street Number 03, Action Area III, B/5, Newtown, West Bengal, 700156, Kolkata, India.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023 Sep;195(9):5712-5729. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04599-3. Epub 2023 Jun 30.
Anthropogenic activities have contributed hugely in enhancing various types of environmental toxicity. One of these is higher accumulation of toxic heavy metals in soil and plant tissues. Although many heavy metals act as essential component for the growth and development of plants when present in low concentrations but at higher concentrations it becomes cytotoxic. Several innate mechanisms have evolved in plants to cope with it. In recent years the mechanism of using miRNA to combat metal induced toxicity has come to fore front. The miRNA or the microRNA regulates different physiological processes and induces a negative control in expressing the complementary target genes. The cleavage formation by post-transcriptional method and the inhibition of targeted translational mRNA are the two main procedures by which plant miRNAs function. The heavy and enhanced metal accumulation in plants has increased the production of different kinds of free radicals like reactive nitrogen and oxygen which damage the plants oxidatively. Several plant miRNA are capable of targeting and reducing the expression of those genes which are responsible for higher metal accumulation and storage. This can reduce the metal load and hence its negative impact on plant can also be reduced. This review depicts the biogenesis, the mode of action of miRNA, and the control mechanisms of miRNA in metal induced stress response in plant. A detailed review on the role of plant miRNA in alleviation of metal induced stress is discussed in this present study.
人为活动极大地促进了各种类型的环境毒性的增强。其中之一是土壤和植物组织中有毒重金属的更高积累。虽然许多重金属在低浓度时作为植物生长和发育的必需成分，但在更高浓度时，它们会产生细胞毒性。植物已经进化出几种内在机制来应对这种情况。近年来，利用 miRNA 来对抗金属诱导的毒性的机制已经成为研究的重点。miRNA 或 microRNA 调节不同的生理过程，并对互补靶基因的表达产生负调控。通过转录后方法的切割形成和靶向翻译 mRNA 的抑制是植物 miRNA 发挥作用的两个主要过程。植物中重金属和增强的金属积累增加了不同种类的自由基的产生，如活性氮和氧，它们会对植物造成氧化损伤。几种植物 miRNA 能够靶向并降低负责更高金属积累和储存的基因的表达。这可以减少金属负荷，从而减轻其对植物的负面影响。本综述描述了 miRNA 的生物发生、作用模式以及 miRNA 在植物金属诱导胁迫反应中的调控机制。本研究详细讨论了植物 miRNA 在缓解金属诱导胁迫中的作用。
