National Environmental Engineering Research Institute-NEERI, CSIR Complex, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.
Environ Int. 2013 Mar;53:74-86. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.12.009. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
Various biotic and abiotic stress factors affect the growth and productivity of crop plants. Particularly, the climatic and/or heavy metal stress influence various processes including growth, physiology, biochemistry, and yield of crops. Climatic changes particularly the elevated atmospheric CO₂ enhance the biomass production and metal accumulation in plants and help plants to support greater microbial populations and/or protect the microorganisms against the impacts of heavy metals. Besides, the indirect effects of climatic change (e.g., changes in the function and structure of plant roots and diversity and activity of rhizosphere microbes) would lead to altered metal bioavailability in soils and concomitantly affect plant growth. However, the effects of warming, drought or combined climatic stress on plant growth and metal accumulation vary substantially across physico-chemico-biological properties of the environment (e.g., soil pH, heavy metal type and its bio-available concentrations, microbial diversity, and interactive effects of climatic factors) and plant used. Overall, direct and/or indirect effects of climate change on heavy metal mobility in soils may further hinder the ability of plants to adapt and make them more susceptible to stress. Here, we review and discuss how the climatic parameters including atmospheric CO₂, temperature and drought influence the plant-metal interaction in polluted soils. Other aspects including the effects of climate change and heavy metals on plant-microbe interaction, heavy metal phytoremediation and safety of food and feed are also discussed. This review shows that predicting how plant-metal interaction responds to altering climatic change is critical to select suitable crop plants that would be able to produce more yields and tolerate multi-stress conditions without accumulating toxic heavy metals for future food security.
各种生物和非生物胁迫因素会影响作物的生长和生产力。特别是，气候和/或重金属胁迫会影响包括生长、生理、生物化学和作物产量在内的各种过程。气候变化，特别是大气中 CO₂ 的升高，会增加植物的生物量生产和金属积累，帮助植物维持更多的微生物种群，或保护微生物免受重金属的影响。此外，气候变化的间接影响（例如，植物根系的功能和结构以及根际微生物的多样性和活性的变化）会导致土壤中金属生物有效性的改变，并相应地影响植物的生长。然而，变暖、干旱或综合气候胁迫对植物生长和金属积累的影响因环境的物理化学生物特性（例如土壤 pH 值、重金属类型及其生物可利用浓度、微生物多样性以及气候因素的相互作用）和所用植物的不同而有很大差异。总的来说，气候变化对土壤中重金属迁移性的直接和/或间接影响可能进一步阻碍植物适应的能力，使它们更容易受到胁迫。在这里，我们回顾和讨论了包括大气 CO₂、温度和干旱在内的气候参数如何影响污染土壤中的植物-金属相互作用。还讨论了其他方面，包括气候变化和重金属对植物-微生物相互作用、重金属植物修复以及食物和饲料安全的影响。本综述表明，预测植物-金属相互作用如何应对不断变化的气候变化对于选择合适的作物至关重要，这些作物能够在不积累有毒重金属的情况下产生更多的产量并耐受多胁迫条件，以保障未来的粮食安全。
