Jha Ranjan Kumar, Das Susmita, Dey Suvabrata, Dutta Sucharita, Khan Noor, Lakshminarayanan Suresh, Pillai Aarati, Raut Manoj Kumar, Reddy J C, Varghese Mini
Nutrition International, India Country Office, New Delhi, India.
Nutrition International, Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India.
J Nutr. 2023 Sep;153(9):2717-2725. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.037. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
Iodine deficiency is a significant public health problem for many populations worldwide, including India, particularly during the "first 1000 days" of life. Though Universal Salt iodization (USI) is mandatory in India, prior to 2018-19, there was no state-wide survey with estimates of iodine concentrations in salt using iodometric titration. Taking cognizance of this fact, Nutrition International commissioned the first-of-its-kind national-level survey in India, titled the India Iodine Survey 2018-19.
The study was conducted across the country to provide national and subnational estimates of iodine concentrations in household salt using iodometric titration and iodine nutrition status among women of reproductive age (15-49 y).
The survey adopted a multi-stage randomcluster probability proportional to size sampling design, covering 21,406 households in all the states and union territories (UTs) of India.
At the national level, the household coverage of edible salt with adequate iodine (content ≥15 parts/million) was 76.3%. At the sub-national level, the coverage varied, with 10 states and 3 UTs achieving USI and 11 states and 2 UTs falling below the national average, with the highest among all the states and UTs, being Jammu and Kashmir and the lowest being Tamil Nadu. At the national level, the median urinary iodine concentration for pregnant women was 173.4 μg/L, for lactating women was 172.8 μg/L, and for non-pregnant, non-lactating women, it was 178.0 μg/L, which is within the adequate iodine nutrition range according to the WHO guidelines.
The survey results can be widely used by various stakeholders, including government, academia, and industry, to understand the iodine nutrition status of the population, enable the scale-up of sustained efforts toward consolidating gains and achieving USI, leading to the reduction and elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders.
碘缺乏是包括印度在内的全球许多人群面临的一个重大公共卫生问题，尤其是在生命的“最初1000天”。尽管印度强制实行全民食盐加碘（USI），但在2018 - 19年之前，没有进行过使用碘量滴定法估算食盐中碘浓度的全邦范围调查。认识到这一事实后，国际营养组织委托在印度开展了首次此类国家级调查，即2018 - 19年印度碘调查。
在全国范围内开展该研究，以使用碘量滴定法提供全国和各邦以下地区家庭食盐中碘浓度的估算值，以及育龄妇女（15 - 49岁）的碘营养状况。
该调查采用了多阶段随机整群概率与规模成比例的抽样设计，覆盖了印度所有邦和联邦属地（UTs）的21,406户家庭。
在国家层面，碘含量充足（含量≥15 ppm）的食用盐家庭覆盖率为76.3%。在邦以下层面，覆盖率各不相同，10个邦和3个联邦属地实现了全民食盐加碘，11个邦和2个联邦属地低于全国平均水平，所有邦和联邦属地中最高的是查谟和克什米尔，最低的是泰米尔纳德邦。在国家层面，孕妇的尿碘中位数浓度为173.4 μg/L，哺乳期妇女为172.8 μg/L，非孕非哺乳期妇女为178.0 μg/L，根据世界卫生组织指南，这处于碘营养充足范围内。
调查结果可供包括政府、学术界和行业在内的各利益相关方广泛使用，以了解人群的碘营养状况，推动扩大持续努力以巩固成果并实现全民食盐加碘，从而减少和消除碘缺乏病。
