University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy.
University of Pavia, Italy.
Assessment. 2024 Jun;31(4):812-826. doi: 10.1177/10731911231183363. Epub 2023 Jul 2.
Cognitive reserve (CR) represents the adaptive response of the cognitive system responsible for preserving normal functioning in the face of brain damage. Experiential factors such as education, occupation, and leisure activities influence the development of CR. Theoretically, such factors build up from childhood and across adulthood. Thus, appropriate tools to define and measure CR as early as adolescence are essential to understand its developmental processes. To this aim, we introduce the construct of "Cognitive Reserve Potential" (CRP) and its corresponding index of experiential factors tailored to youth. We investigated prototypical youth exposures potentially associated with the lifelong development of CR (e.g., sport practice, musical experiences, cultural activities, and relationships with peers and family). Principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis identified and replicated the CRP factor structure on two independent samples of Italian students: = 585 (295 F) and = 351 (201 F), ages 11 to 20. CRP was associated mainly with family socio-cultural status (i.e., socioeconomic status [SES], Home Possessions, and Books at Home). Results confirmed the strength of the factorial model and warranted the proposal of the CRP-questionnaire as an innovative tool for understanding CR evolutionary dynamics.
认知储备（CR）代表认知系统的适应性反应，负责在大脑损伤的情况下保持正常功能。经验因素，如教育、职业和休闲活动，影响认知储备的发展。从理论上讲，这些因素从儿童时期一直积累到成年期。因此，尽早使用适当的工具来定义和衡量认知储备对于理解其发展过程至关重要。为此，我们引入了“认知储备潜力”（CRP）的概念及其相应的经验因素指标，适用于青少年。我们研究了与 CR 终身发展相关的典型青少年暴露因素（例如，体育锻炼、音乐体验、文化活动以及与同伴和家庭的关系）。主成分分析和验证性因素分析在两个独立的意大利学生样本中识别并复制了 CRP 的因子结构：n1 = 585（295 女）和 n2 = 351（201 女），年龄在 11 至 20 岁之间。CRP 主要与家庭社会文化地位（即社会经济地位[SES]、家庭财产和家庭藏书）有关。研究结果证实了因子模型的有效性，并证明了 CRP 问卷作为一种理解 CR 进化动态的创新工具的合理性。
