Saleem Noor, Aziz Usman, Ali Muhammad, Liu Xiangling, Alwutayd Khairiah Mubarak, Alshegaihi Rana M, Niedbała Gniewko, Elkelish Amr, Zhang Meng
College of Agronomy, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China.
College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 15;14:1159394. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159394. eCollection 2023.
Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDs) is an oil-body sterol protein (steroleosin) with an NADP(H) binding domain that belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. There are numerous studies on the characterization of in plants. However, thus far, the evolutionary differentiation and divergence analysis of these genes remain to be explored. The current study used an integrated method to elucidate the sequential evolution of in 64 sequenced plant genomes. Analyses were conducted on their origins, distribution, duplication, evolutionary paths, domain functions, motif composition, properties, and cis-elements. Results indicate that except for algae, HSD1 was widely distributed in plant species ranging from lower to higher plants, while HSD5 was restricted to terrestrial plants, and HSD2 was identified in fewer monocots and several dicot plants. Phylogenetic analysis of HSD proteins revealed that monocotyledonous HSD1 in moss and ferns appeared closest to the outgroup, HSD-like, HSD1, and HSD1. These data support the hypothesis that originated in bryophytes and then in non-vascular and vascular plants, followed by only in land plants. Gene structure analysis suggests that in plant species came up with a fixed number of six exons, and the intron phase was primarily 0, 1, 0, 0, and 0. Similarly, duplication analysis revealed that segmental duplications were the main reason for in plant species. Physicochemical properties suggest that dicotyledonous HSD1s and HSD5s were mainly acidic. The monocotyledonous HSD1s and HSD2s and the dicotyledonous HSD2s, HSD3s, HSD4s, and HSD6s were mainly basic, implying that in plants may have a variety of functions. -regulatory elements and expression analysis revealed that in plants might have roles in several abiotic stresses. Due to the high expression of and in seeds, these in plants may have roles in fatty acid accumulation and degradation.
羟类固醇脱氢酶（HSDs）是一种油体甾醇蛋白（甾醇油体蛋白），具有一个与NADP（H）结合的结构域，属于短链脱氢酶/还原酶（SDR）超家族。关于植物中该蛋白的特性已有大量研究。然而，迄今为止，这些基因的进化分化和分歧分析仍有待探索。当前研究采用综合方法阐明了64个已测序植物基因组中HSDs的序列进化。对它们的起源、分布、复制、进化路径、结构域功能、基序组成、特性和顺式元件进行了分析。结果表明，除藻类外，HSD1广泛分布于从低等植物到高等植物的各类植物物种中，而HSD5仅限于陆生植物，HSD2在较少的单子叶植物和几种双子叶植物中被鉴定出来。对HSD蛋白的系统发育分析表明，苔藓和蕨类植物中的单子叶HSD1似乎最接近外类群HSD样、HSD1和HSD1。这些数据支持了以下假设：HSDs起源于苔藓植物，然后出现在非维管植物和维管植物中，随后仅在陆地植物中出现HSD5。基因结构分析表明，植物物种中的HSDs有固定数量的六个外显子，内含子相位主要为0、1、0、0和0。同样，复制分析表明，片段重复是植物物种中HSDs的主要原因。理化性质表明，双子叶植物的HSD1和HSD5主要呈酸性。单子叶植物的HSD1和HSD2以及双子叶植物的HSD2、HSD3、HSD4和HSD6主要呈碱性，这意味着植物中的HSDs可能具有多种功能。启动子调控元件和表达分析表明，植物中的HSDs可能在多种非生物胁迫中发挥作用。由于HSDs在种子中高表达，这些植物中的HSDs可能在脂肪酸积累和降解中发挥作用。
