Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Department of Philosophy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Yale J Biol Med. 2023 Jun 30;96(2):241-250. doi: 10.59249/FKWS5176. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Many chemicals and toxicants are released into our ecosystem and environment every day, which can cause harmful effects on human populations. Agricultural compounds are used in most crop production and have been shown to cause negative health impacts, including effects on reproduction and other pathologies. Although these chemicals can be helpful for pest and weed control, the compounds indirectly impact humans. Several compounds have been banned in the European Union but continue to be used in the United States. Recent work has shown most toxicants affect transgenerational generations more than the directly exposed generations through epigenetic inheritance. While some toxicants do not impact the directly exposed generation, the later generations that are transgenerational or ancestrally exposed suffer health impacts. Due to impacts to future generations, exposure becomes an environmental justice concern. The term "environmental justice" denotes the application of fair strategies when resolving unjust environmental contamination. Fair treatment means that no group should bear a disproportionate share of negative environmental consequences resulting from industrial, municipal, and commercial operations. This article illustrates how research on directly exposed generations is often prioritized over studies on transgenerational generations. However, research on the latter generations suggests the need to take environmental justice concerns seriously moving forward, as future generations could be unduly shouldering harms, while not enjoying benefits of production.
每天都有许多化学物质和有毒物质释放到我们的生态系统和环境中,这可能对人类群体造成有害影响。农业化合物在大多数作物生产中被使用,并且已经显示出对健康的负面影响,包括对生殖和其他病理学的影响。尽管这些化学物质有助于控制害虫和杂草,但它们会间接影响人类。一些化合物在欧盟被禁止,但仍在美国使用。最近的研究表明,大多数有毒物质通过表观遗传遗传对跨代后代的影响大于直接暴露的后代。虽然一些有毒物质不会影响直接暴露的一代,但跨代或祖先暴露的后代会受到健康影响。由于对后代的影响,暴露成为环境正义的关注点。“环境正义”一词表示在解决不公平的环境污染时应用公平策略。公平待遇意味着,任何群体都不应承担因工业、市政和商业运营而产生的不成比例的负面环境后果。本文说明了为什么对直接暴露的一代的研究通常优先于对跨代后代的研究。然而,对后代的研究表明,需要认真对待环境正义问题,因为未来几代人可能会承担不必要的伤害,而没有享受到生产的好处。