Área Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional General Sarmiento, J.M. Gutiérrez 1150, 1613, Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Área Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional General Sarmiento, J.M. Gutiérrez 1150, 1613, Los Polvorines, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET, Godoy Cruz, 2290, C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 15;344:118535. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118535. Epub 2023 Jul 1.
Periurban agriculture in Argentina is carried out by farmers without adequate control. The indiscriminate agrochemical application for productivity improvement negatively impacts the environment. The objective of this work was to test the quality of periurban agricultural soils by performing bioassays with Eisenia andrei as an indicator. Soils belonging to two orchards with intensive production (S: strawberry/broccoli crop plot and G: tomato/pepper crop greenhouse - Moreno District, Buenos Aires, Argentina) were sampled during 2015 and 2016. As subcellular biomarkers, cholinesterases (ChE), carboxylesterases (CaE), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) activities were analysed in E. andrei (7-day exposure). While no effect on ChE activities was observed, CaE activities were significantly reduced 18% (S-2016 soil). GST activities were increased 35% and 30% by S-2016 and G-2016, respectively. CaE decrease together with GST increase could be indicative of a negative disturbance. Concerning whole organism biomarkers, reproduction (56-day exposure), avoidance (3-day exposure), and feeding activity (bait-lamina test, 3-day exposure) were analysed. A reduced cocoons' viability (50%), hatchability (55%), accompanied by a low number of juveniles (50%) were observed in all cases. Additionally, the earthworms exhibited significant avoidance responses to S-2015, S-2016 and G-2016 whereas G-2015 soil induced migration. No significant effect on the feeding activity was registered in any case. Most of the E. andrei biomarkers tested could constitute an early warning of harmful effects produced by polluted periurban soils, even if the agrochemical treatment applied remains unknown. The results reveal the need to develop an action plan to avoid further deterioration of the productive soil.
阿根廷的城郊农业由没有适当控制的农民进行。为了提高生产力，滥用地农业化学品对环境造成了负面影响。这项工作的目的是通过使用赤子爱胜蚓作为指示生物进行生物测定来测试城郊农业土壤的质量。在 2015 年和 2016 年期间，从两个集约化生产的果园（S：草莓/西兰花种植区和 G：番茄/辣椒温室-布宜诺斯艾利斯省莫雷诺区，阿根廷）采集土壤样本。作为亚细胞生物标志物，分析了赤子爱胜蚓中的胆碱酯酶（ChE）、羧酸酯酶（CaE）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活性（7 天暴露）。虽然 ChE 活性没有受到影响，但 CaE 活性在 S-2016 土壤中显著降低了 18%。S-2016 和 G-2016 土壤分别使 GST 活性增加了 35%和 30%。CaE 的减少伴随着 GST 的增加可能表明存在负面干扰。关于整体生物标志物，分析了繁殖（56 天暴露）、回避（3 天暴露）和摄食活动（诱饵-层压板测试，3 天暴露）。在所有情况下，观察到茧的活力（50%）、孵化率（55%）降低，同时幼体数量（50%）也较低。此外，赤子爱胜蚓对 S-2015、S-2016 和 G-2016 土壤表现出显著的回避反应，而 G-2015 土壤则诱导其迁移。在任何情况下，都没有观察到对摄食活动有显著影响。测试的赤子爱胜蚓大多数生物标志物都可以构成受污染城郊土壤产生有害影响的早期预警，即使不知道所应用的农业化学品处理方式。结果表明需要制定行动计划，以避免生产性土壤的进一步恶化。
