Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kirsehir, Turkey.
Department of Economics, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Aug;30(36):86138-86154. doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-28319-w. Epub 2023 Jul 4.
This study examines the impact of government spending, income, and tourism consumption on CO emissions in the 50 US states through a novel theoretical model derived from the Armey Curve model and the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The findings of this research are essential for policymakers to develop effective strategies for mitigating environmental pollution. Utilizing panel cointegration analysis, the study provides valuable insights into whether continued increases in government spending contribute to higher pollution levels. By identifying the threshold point of spending as a percentage of GDP, policymakers can make informed decisions to avoid the trade-off between increased spending and environmental degradation. For instance, the analysis reveals that Hawaii's tipping point is 16.40%. The empirical results underscore the importance of adopting sustainable policies that foster economic growth while minimizing environmental harm. These findings will aid policymakers in formulating targeted and efficient approaches to tackle climate change and promote long-term environmental sustainability in the United States. Moreover, the impact of tourism development on CO emissions varies across states, with some US states experiencing a decrease while others see an increase.
本研究通过源自 Armey 曲线模型和环境库兹涅茨曲线假说的新理论模型，考察了政府支出、收入和旅游消费对美国 50 个州的 CO2 排放的影响。这些研究结果对于政策制定者制定减轻环境污染的有效策略至关重要。本研究利用面板协整分析，探讨了政府支出的持续增加是否会导致更高的污染水平。通过确定支出占 GDP 的百分比作为阈值，政策制定者可以做出明智的决策，避免在增加支出和环境退化之间进行权衡。例如，分析表明，夏威夷的转折点为 16.40%。实证结果强调了采取可持续政策的重要性，这些政策既要促进经济增长，又要将环境危害降到最低。这些发现将有助于政策制定者制定有针对性和有效的方法来应对气候变化，并促进美国的长期环境可持续性。此外，旅游发展对 CO2 排放的影响因州而异，一些美国州的 CO2 排放减少，而另一些州的 CO2 排放增加。
