Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education College of Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
Am J Health Promot. 2023 Sep;37(7):933-939. doi: 10.1177/08901171231188187. Epub 2023 Jul 3.
This study assesses the association between SUD, economic hardship, gender, and related risk and protective factors on serious psychological distress (SPD) during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Quantitative cross-sectional design.
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).
Data were from the NSDUH (2020) = 25,746, representing 238,677,123 US adults, who identified as 18 or older and either male or female.
SPD measured as scoring a 13 or more on the Kessler (K6) distress scale. SUDs were determined using DSM5 criteria. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables included in analyses.
Logistic regressions evaluated the association between gender, protective, and risk factors on SPD.
After controlling for sociodemographic and related factors of SPD, having a SUD was the strongest correlate of SPD. Other significant correlates of SPD included female gender and an income level at or below the federal poverty threshold. Gender stratified regressions illustrated that religiosity, self-identifying as Black, and high levels of education were protective against SPD for women but not men. Poverty level was more associated with SPD for women than men.
In the United States, individuals with SUDs were nearly four times more likely to report SPD than those without SUDs, controlling for economic hardship and markers of social support during 2020. Effective social interventions to reduce SPD among individuals with SUDs are needed.
本研究评估了物质使用障碍（SUD）、经济困难、性别，以及与 COVID-19 大流行期间严重心理困扰（SPD）相关的风险和保护因素之间的关联。
定量横断面设计。
国家药物使用与健康调查（NSDUH）。
数据来自 NSDUH（2020 年）= 25746 人，代表 238677123 名美国成年人，年龄在 18 岁及以上，且为男性或女性。
SPD 采用 Kessler（K6）困扰量表评分 13 或以上来衡量。SUD 使用 DSM5 标准确定。分析中包括社会人口学和社会经济变量。
逻辑回归评估了性别、保护和风险因素与 SPD 之间的关联。
在控制 SPD 的社会人口学和相关因素后，SUD 是 SPD 的最强相关因素。其他与 SPD 显著相关的因素包括女性性别和处于或低于联邦贫困线的收入水平。性别分层回归表明，对女性而言，宗教信仰、自我认定为黑人，以及高教育水平是 SPD 的保护因素，但对男性则不然。贫困水平与 SPD 的关联在女性中比男性更为显著。
在美国，控制经济困难和 2020 年社会支持指标后，患有 SUD 的个体报告 SPD 的可能性几乎是没有 SUD 的个体的四倍。需要针对患有 SUD 的个体实施有效的社会干预措施，以降低 SPD。
