Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Center for Circadian Biology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Behav Sleep Med. 2024 Mar 3;22(2):217-233. doi: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2232497. Epub 2023 Jul 3.
Both sleep and cognition are partially modulated by the endocannabinoid (ECB) system. Cannabis has been reported to have effects on sleep and cognition. This review aims to summarize the recent literature on the ECB system, the role of cannabis and the ECB system on sleep regulation and cognition. Further, this review will identify existing gaps in knowledge and suggest potential targets for future research.
We performed this review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Reports were identified by searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for articles published through September 2021 for studies with data available on aspects of cognition, cannabis, or the ECB system, and sleep or circadian rhythms (CRs).
We identified 6 human and 6 animal studies to be eligible for inclusion in this review. Several human studies found that cannabis use is not associated with changes in sleep quality or cognitive function. However, individual cannabinoids appeared to have independent effects on cognition and sleep; THC alone decreased cognitive performance and increased daytime sleepiness, whereas CBD alone had no effect on sleep or cognition. Animal studies demonstrated that manipulation of the ECB system altered activity and cognitive function, some of which appeared to be dependent on the light/dark cycle.
The sleep-wake cycle and CRs are both likely modulated by the ECB system, potentially resulting in effects on cognition, however this area is critically understudied.
睡眠和认知部分受内源性大麻素（ECB）系统调节。大麻已被报道对睡眠和认知有影响。本综述旨在总结 ECB 系统、大麻和 ECB 系统对睡眠调节和认知的作用的最新文献。此外，本综述将确定现有知识差距，并为未来的研究提出潜在目标。
我们根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行了这项综述。通过搜索 PubMed/MEDLINE、Embase、CINAHL、Web of Science 和 PsycINFO，查找截至 2021 年 9 月发表的关于认知、大麻或 ECB 系统以及睡眠或昼夜节律（CRs）方面有数据的研究报告。
我们确定了 6 项人类研究和 6 项动物研究符合纳入本综述的标准。几项人类研究发现，大麻的使用与睡眠质量或认知功能的变化无关。然而，个别大麻素似乎对认知和睡眠有独立的影响；单独使用 THC 会降低认知表现并增加白天嗜睡，而单独使用 CBD 对睡眠或认知没有影响。动物研究表明，ECB 系统的操作改变了活动和认知功能，其中一些似乎依赖于光/暗周期。
睡眠-觉醒周期和 CRs 可能都受 ECB 系统调节，可能会对认知产生影响，但这一领域的研究严重不足。
