大麻对整个生命周期的神经认知影响。
The Neurocognitive Effects of Cannabis Across the Lifespan.
作者信息
Ellingson Jarrod M, Hinckley Jesse D, Ross J Megan, Schacht Joseph P, Bidwell L Cinnamon, Bryan Angela D, Hopfer Christian J, Riggs Paula, Hutchison Kent E
机构信息
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Psychiatry.
University of Colorado Boulder, Institute for Behavioral Genetics.
出版信息
Curr Behav Neurosci Rep. 2021 Dec;8(4):124-133. doi: 10.1007/s40473-021-00244-7. Epub 2021 Nov 15.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review examines the neurocognitive effects of cannabis and relevant developmental factors across adolescence (age 13-21), adulthood (21-65), and older adulthood (65+).
RECENT FINDINGS
Cannabis use is robustly associated with poorer neurocognitive functioning; however, studies that carefully control for confounds have often not found any evidence for impairment. Notably, the endocannabinoid system may underly how cannabis use affects neurocognitive functions, including heightened vulnerability during adolescence. In contrast, the endocannabinoid system may underlie protective neurocognitive effects of cannabis in older adults. Notably, older adults have reported sharp increases in recent cannabis use.
SUMMARY
As legalization increases the accessibility, variety, and potency of cannabis, strong empirical evidence is needed to understand its neurocognitive effects across the lifespan. In particular, rigorous study designs are needed to investigate the neurocognitive effects of cannabis, including among vulnerable populations (adolescents, older adults) and mediating (e.g., endocannabinoid system) and moderating factors (e.g., alcohol use).
综述目的
本综述探讨大麻对青少年（13 - 21岁）、成年人（21 - 65岁）和老年人（65岁以上）的神经认知影响以及相关发育因素。
最新发现
使用大麻与较差的神经认知功能密切相关；然而，仔细控制混杂因素的研究往往未发现任何损害证据。值得注意的是，内源性大麻素系统可能是大麻使用影响神经认知功能的基础，包括在青少年时期易感性增加。相比之下，内源性大麻素系统可能是大麻对老年人神经认知具有保护作用的基础。值得注意的是，据报告老年人近期使用大麻的情况急剧增加。
总结
随着大麻合法化提高了其可及性、种类和效力，需要强有力的实证证据来了解其在整个生命周期中的神经认知影响。特别是，需要严谨的研究设计来调查大麻的神经认知影响，包括在弱势群体（青少年、老年人）以及中介因素（如内源性大麻素系统）和调节因素（如饮酒）中的影响。
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