São Paulo State University, Praça Infante Dom Henrique s/nº, Parque Bitaru, São Vicente, São Paulo, CEP 11.330-900, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Evolution and Diversity of the Federal University of ABC, Av. dos Estados, 5001, Bairro Bangu, Santo André, São Paulo, CEP 09210-580, Brazil.
FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2023 Jan 17;370. doi: 10.1093/femsle/fnad064.
Despite the important roles that marine sponges play in ecosystem functioning and structuring, little is known about how the sponge holobiont responds to local anthropogenic impacts. Here we assess the influence of an impacted environment (Praia Preta) on the microbial community associated with the endemic sponge Aplysina caissara in comparison to a less-impacted area (Praia do Guaecá) from the coast of São Paulo state (Brazil, southwestern Atlantic coast). We hypothesized that the local anthropogenic impacts will change the microbiome of A. caissara and that the community assembly will be driven by a different process (i.e. deterministic versus stochastic) under distinct levels of impact. The microbiome at the amplicon sequence variants level was found to be statistically distinct between sponges from the different sites, and this was also seen for the microbial communities of the surrounding seawater and sediments. Microbial communities of A. caissara from both sites were found to be assembled by deterministic processes, even though the sites presented distinct anthropogenic impacts, showing a pivotal role of the sponge host in selecting its own microbiome. Overall, this study revealed that local anthropogenic impacts altered the microbiome of A. caissara; however, assembly processes are largely determined by the sponge host.
尽管海洋海绵在生态系统功能和结构中发挥着重要作用，但人们对海绵共生体如何应对当地人为影响知之甚少。在这里，我们评估了受影响的环境（Praia Preta）对与巴西圣保罗州（西南大西洋海岸）的 Guaecá 海滩的特有海绵 Aplysina caissara 相关的微生物群落的影响，与未受影响的环境（Praia do Guaecá）进行了比较。我们假设，当地人为影响将改变 A. caissara 的微生物组，并且在不同程度的影响下，群落组装将由不同的过程（即确定性与随机）驱动。在不同地点的海绵之间，扩增子序列变异水平的微生物组在统计学上存在显著差异，周围海水和沉积物的微生物群落也是如此。尽管两个地点都存在不同程度的人为影响，但来自两个地点的 A. caissara 的微生物群落都被确定为由确定性过程组装，这表明海绵宿主在选择自身微生物组方面起着关键作用。总的来说，这项研究表明，当地人为影响改变了 A. caissara 的微生物组；然而，组装过程在很大程度上取决于海绵宿主。
