Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2023 Jul 3;55(7):1099-1118. doi: 10.3724/abbs.2023117.
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) has emerged as a crucial mechanism for cellular compartmentalization. One prominent example of this is the stress granule. Found in various types of cells, stress granule is a biomolecular condensate formed through phase separation. It comprises numerous RNA and RNA-binding proteins. Over the past decades, substantial knowledge has been gained about the composition and dynamics of stress granules. SGs can regulate various signaling pathways and have been associated with numerous human diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases. The threat of viral infections continues to loom over society. Both DNA and RNA viruses depend on host cells for replication. Intriguingly, many stages of the viral life cycle are closely tied to RNA metabolism in human cells. The field of biomolecular condensates has rapidly advanced in recent times. In this context, we aim to summarize research on stress granules and their link to viral infections. Notably, stress granules triggered by viral infections behave differently from the canonical stress granules triggered by sodium arsenite (SA) and heat shock. Studying stress granules in the context of viral infections could offer a valuable platform to link viral replication processes and host anti-viral responses. A deeper understanding of these biological processes could pave the way for innovative interventions and treatments for viral infectious diseases. They could potentially bridge the gap between basic biological processes and interactions between viruses and their hosts.
液-液相分离 (LLPS) 已成为细胞区隔化的关键机制。应激颗粒就是一个突出的例子。应激颗粒存在于多种类型的细胞中，是通过相分离形成的生物分子凝聚物。它包含许多 RNA 和 RNA 结合蛋白。在过去的几十年中，人们对应激颗粒的组成和动力学有了大量的了解。SGs 可以调节各种信号通路，并与许多人类疾病有关，如神经退行性疾病、癌症和传染病。病毒感染的威胁继续笼罩着社会。DNA 和 RNA 病毒都依赖宿主细胞进行复制。有趣的是，病毒生命周期的许多阶段都与人类细胞中的 RNA 代谢密切相关。生物分子凝聚物领域在最近迅速发展。在这种情况下，我们旨在总结应激颗粒及其与病毒感染的关系的研究。值得注意的是，由病毒感染引发的应激颗粒与由亚砷酸钠 (SA) 和热休克引发的典型应激颗粒的行为不同。在病毒感染的背景下研究应激颗粒可以为将病毒复制过程与宿主抗病毒反应联系起来提供一个有价值的平台。更深入地了解这些生物过程可以为病毒性传染病的创新干预和治疗铺平道路。它们有可能弥合基础生物学过程与病毒及其宿主之间相互作用之间的差距。
