Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 2023 Jan;14(1):e1741. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1741. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
Recent exciting studies have uncovered how membrane-less organelles, also known as biocondensates, are providing cells with rapid response pathways, allowing them to re-organize their cellular contents and adapt to stressful conditions. Their assembly is driven by the phase separation of their RNAs and intrinsically disordered protein components into condensed foci. Among these, stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic biocondensates that form in response to many stresses, including activation of the integrated stress response or viral infections. SGs sit at the crossroads between antiviral signaling and translation because they concentrate signaling proteins and components of the innate immune response, in addition to translation machinery and stalled mRNAs. Consequently, they have been proposed to contribute to antiviral activities, and therefore are targeted by viral countermeasures. Equally, SGs components can be commandeered by viruses for their own efficient replication. Phase separation processes are an important component of the viral life cycle, for example, driving the assembly of replication factories or inclusion bodies. Therefore, in this review, we will outline the recent understanding of this complex interplay and tug of war between viruses, SGs, and their components. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Translation > Regulation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes.
最近令人兴奋的研究揭示了无膜细胞器（也称为生物凝聚物）如何为细胞提供快速反应途径，使它们能够重新组织细胞内容物并适应应激条件。它们的组装是由其 RNA 和固有无序蛋白成分的相分离驱动的，形成浓缩焦点。其中，应激颗粒 (SGs) 是一种动态的细胞质生物凝聚物，可响应多种应激而形成，包括整合应激反应的激活或病毒感染。SGs 位于抗病毒信号和翻译的十字路口，因为它们浓缩信号蛋白和先天免疫反应的成分，以及翻译机制和停滞的 mRNA。因此，它们被认为有助于抗病毒活性，因此成为病毒对策的目标。同样，SGs 的成分也可以被病毒利用来进行自身的有效复制。相分离过程是病毒生命周期的一个重要组成部分，例如，驱动复制工厂或包含体的组装。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将概述最近对病毒、SGs 及其成分之间这种复杂相互作用和拉锯战的理解。本文属于以下分类：RNA 在疾病与发展 > RNA 在疾病中的翻译 > RNA 与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用调控 > RNA-蛋白质复合物。
