Nutrition-Gut-Brain Interactions Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
Gut Microbes. 2023 Jan-Dec;15(1):2229938. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2229938.
Studies have shown that probiotics can decrease the symptoms of respiratory tract infections as well as increase antibody responses following certain vaccinations. We examined the effect of probiotic supplementation on anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses upon SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as after COVID-19 vaccination. In this randomized, triple-blinded, placebo-controlled intervention study with a parallel design, 159 healthy adults without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination and any known risk factors for severe COVID-19 were randomly allocated into two study arms. The active treatment arm consumed a probiotic product containing a minimum of 1 × 10 colony-forming units of DSM 17938 + 10 μg vitamin D3 twice daily for 6 months. The placebo arm consumed identical tablets containing only 10 μg vitamin D3. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies and virus neutralizing antibody titers were analyzed from blood samples collected at baseline, after 3 months, and after 6 months. Differences in serum antibody titers between the two study arms were tested with independent t-test using log-transformed values. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals in the active treatment arm ( = 6) tended to have higher serum anti-spike IgG (609 [168-1480] BAU/ml vs 111 [36.1-1210] BAU/ml, = 0.080) and anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG (928 [212-3449] BAU/ml vs (83.7 [22.8-2094] BAU/ml, = 0.066) levels than individuals in the placebo arm ( = 6). Considering individuals who were fully vaccinated with mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, the active treatment arm ( = 10) exhibited significantly higher serum levels of anti-RBD IgA (135 [32.9-976] BAU/ml vs 61.3 [26.7-97.1] BAU/ml, = 0.036) than the placebo arm ( = 7) >28 days postvaccination. Supplementation with specific probiotics might improve the long-term efficacy of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines via enhanced IgA response.
研究表明，益生菌可减轻呼吸道感染症状，并在接种某些疫苗后增加抗体反应。我们研究了补充益生菌对 SARS-CoV-2 感染后和 COVID-19 疫苗接种后抗 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗体反应的影响。在这项随机、三盲、安慰剂对照的平行设计干预研究中，159 名无 SARS-CoV-2 感染或 COVID-19 疫苗接种史且无 COVID-19 严重风险因素的健康成年人被随机分配到两个研究组。活性治疗组每天服用两次含有至少 1×10 个 DSM 17938+10μg 维生素 D3 菌落形成单位的益生菌产品，持续 6 个月。安慰剂组服用含有相同 10μg 维生素 D3 的片剂。从基线、3 个月和 6 个月采集的血样中分析抗 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗体和病毒中和抗体滴度。使用独立 t 检验对数转换值比较两组研究中血清抗体滴度的差异。在意向治疗（ITT）分析中，活性治疗组中感染 SARS-CoV-2 的个体（n=6）的血清抗刺突 IgG（609[168-1480] BAU/ml 比 111[36.1-1210] BAU/ml，p=0.080）和抗受体结合域（RBD）IgG（928[212-3449] BAU/ml 比 83.7[22.8-2094] BAU/ml，p=0.066）水平均高于安慰剂组（n=6）。对于已接种基于 mRNA 的 COVID-19 疫苗的个体，活性治疗组（n=10）在接种 mRNA 基于 COVID-19 疫苗后 28 天以上的血清抗 RBD IgA 水平（135[32.9-976] BAU/ml 比 61.3[26.7-97.1] BAU/ml，p=0.036）显著高于安慰剂组（n=7）。补充特定益生菌可能通过增强 IgA 反应来提高基于 mRNA 的 COVID-19 疫苗的长期疗效。
