Plant and Animal Production Department, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Ordu University , Ordu, Turkey.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 4;13(1):10765. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-37909-0.
Altitude is an important ecological factor that significantly affects essential oil content, yield and composition. In this study, conducted to examine the effects of altitude on essential oil content and composition of O. majorana, plant samples were collected from the southern region of Türkiye at the beginning of flowering period from seven different altitudes (766 m, 890 m, 968 m, 1079 m, 1180 m, 1261 m and 1387 m) at 100 m intervals. The highest percentage of essential oil (6.50%) obtained by hydro-distillation was determined at 766 m altitudes. The GC-MS analyses revealed that low altitude affected some essential oil components positively. The linalool ratio, which is the major component of the essential oil of O. majorana species, was the highest at 766 m (79.84%) altitudes. Borneol, linalool oxide, trans-linalool oxide, caryophyllene, a-humulene, germacrene-D and bicyclogermacrene components yielded high values at 890 m altitudes. Thymol and α-terpineol, which have an important place in the essential oil composition, increased at 1180 m altitudes; a-terpinene, cis-sabinene hydrate, terpinene-4-ol and carvacrol increased at 1387 m altitudes.
海拔是一个重要的生态因素，它显著影响精油的含量、产量和组成。在这项研究中，为了研究海拔对甜牛至精油含量和组成的影响，从土耳其南部地区在开花初期，从 7 个不同海拔（766 m、890 m、968 m、1079 m、1180 m、1261 m 和 1387 m）每隔 100 m 收集了植物样本。通过水蒸馏获得的精油含量最高（6.50%）是在 766 m 海拔处。GC-MS 分析表明，低海拔对某些精油成分有积极影响。甜牛至属精油的主要成分芳樟醇的比例在 766 m 海拔处最高（79.84%）。龙脑、芳樟醇氧化物、反式芳樟醇氧化物、石竹烯、a-葎草烯、大根香叶烯-D 和双环大根香叶烯成分在 890 m 海拔处产量较高。百里酚和α-萜品醇在精油组成中占有重要地位，在 1180 m 海拔处增加；α-松油烯、顺式-水芹烯、松油烯-4-醇和香芹酚在 1387 m 海拔处增加。
