Spînu Andreea Petronela, Mysiak Weronika, Bauhus Jürgen, Bielak Kamil, Niklasson Mats
Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany.
Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Alnarp Sweden.
Ecol Evol. 2023 Jul 3;13(7):e10238. doi: 10.1002/ece3.10238. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Retention of structural elements such as deadwood and habitat trees at the level of forest stands has been promoted to integrate biodiversity conservation into multiple-use forest management. The conservation value of habitat trees is largely determined by the presence, richness, and abundance of tree-related microhabitats (TreMs). Since TreMs are often lacking in intensively managed forests, an important question of forest conservation is how the abundance and richness of TreMs may be effectively restored. Here, we investigated whether the strict protection of forest through cessation of timber harvesting influenced TreM occurrence at tree and stand levels. For that purpose, we compared four managed and four set-aside stands (0.25 ha each) in the Białowieża Forest, with identical origin following clear-cuts approximately 100 years ago. We found that the abundance and richness of TreMs on living trees were not significantly different between stands that were either conventionally managed or where active forest management ceased 52 years ago. Yet, our analysis of TreMs on tree species with contrasting life-history traits revealed that short-lived, fast-growing species (pioneers) developed TreMs quicker than longer-lived, slower-growing species. Hence, tree species such as or , which supply abundant and diverse TreMs, can play an important role in accelerating habitat restoration.
在林分层面保留枯立木和栖息地树木等结构要素，已被推广用于将生物多样性保护纳入多用途森林管理之中。栖息地树木的保护价值在很大程度上取决于与树木相关的微生境（TreMs）的存在、丰富度和数量。由于在集约经营的森林中往往缺乏TreMs，森林保护的一个重要问题是如何有效地恢复TreMs的数量和丰富度。在此，我们调查了通过停止木材采伐对森林进行严格保护是否会影响树木和林分层面的TreM出现情况。为此，我们比较了比亚沃维耶扎森林中四个经营林分和四个预留林分（每个林分为0.25公顷），这些林分在大约100年前皆源于皆伐，具有相同的起源。我们发现，在传统经营的林分和52年前停止积极森林经营的林分中，活树上TreMs的数量和丰富度并无显著差异。然而，我们对具有不同生活史特征的树种上的TreMs分析表明，寿命短、生长快的物种（先锋树种）比寿命长、生长慢的物种更快地形成TreMs。因此，像 或 这样能提供丰富多样TreMs的树种，在加速栖息地恢复方面可发挥重要作用。
