Driver Morgan N, Kuo Sally I-Chun, Austin Jehannine, Dick Danielle M
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Complex Psychiatry. 2023 Mar 29;9(1-4):89-99. doi: 10.1159/000530222. eCollection 2023 Jan-Dec.
The utility of genetic risk information relies on the assumption that individuals will use the information to change behavior to reduce risk of developing health problems. Educational interventions designed to target elements of the Health Belief Model have shown to be effective in promoting behaviors for positive outcomes.
A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in 325 college students to assess whether a brief, online educational intervention altered elements of the Health Belief Model that are known to be associated with motivations and intentions to change behavior. The RCT included a control condition, an intervention condition that received information about alcohol use disorder (AUD), and an intervention condition that received information about polygenic risk scores and AUD. We used tests and ANOVA methods to compare differences in beliefs related to the Health Belief Model across study conditions and demographic characteristics.
Providing educational information did not impact worry about developing AUD, perceived susceptibility and severity of developing alcohol problems, or perceived benefits and barriers of risk-reducing actions. Individuals in the condition that received educational information about polygenic risk scores and AUD reported higher perceived chance of developing AUD than individuals in the control condition (adj. < 0.01). Sex, race/ethnicity, family history, and drinking status were associated with several components of the Health Belief Model.
Findings from this study demonstrate the need to better design and refine the educational information intended to accompany the return of genetic feedback for AUD to better promote risk-reducing behaviors.
基因风险信息的效用依赖于这样一种假设，即个体将利用这些信息改变行为，以降低出现健康问题的风险。旨在针对健康信念模型要素的教育干预已被证明在促进产生积极结果的行为方面是有效的。
对325名大学生进行了一项随机对照试验（RCT），以评估一种简短的在线教育干预是否会改变健康信念模型中已知与改变行为的动机和意图相关的要素。该随机对照试验包括一个对照条件、一个接收酒精使用障碍（AUD）信息的干预条件，以及一个接收多基因风险评分和AUD信息的干预条件。我们使用检验和方差分析方法来比较不同研究条件和人口统计学特征下与健康信念模型相关的信念差异。
提供教育信息并未影响对患酒精使用障碍的担忧、对患酒精问题的易感性和严重性的认知，或对降低风险行为的益处和障碍的认知。接受多基因风险评分和酒精使用障碍教育信息的个体报告的患酒精使用障碍的感知可能性高于对照条件下的个体（调整后<0.01）。性别、种族/族裔、家族史和饮酒状况与健康信念模型的几个组成部分相关。
本研究结果表明，需要更好地设计和完善旨在伴随酒精使用障碍基因反馈返回的教育信息，以更好地促进降低风险的行为。
