Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, 5756115198, Iran.
Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2023 May 30;23(1):1001. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15950-y.
A healthy lifestyle can reduce the rate and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Thus, the present study evaluates the effect of educational intervention based on the Health Belief Model on the lifestyle related to premenstrual syndrome and reduction of its symptoms among the first-grade high school girls.
This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 first-grade high school girls. They were divided into two intervention and control groups (40 people in each group). The data collection tools included the participants' demographic information questionnaire, premenstrual symptoms screening tool, and a researcher-made questionnaire based on the constructs of the health belief model about PMS and the behaviors reducing its symptoms. Data were collected in two phases (before and three months after the educational intervention) via WhatsApp. Educational sessions were held in the form of four 45-min sessions for intervention group subjects regarding PMS and the behaviors that reduce its symptoms during one month via WhatsApp.
According to the results of this study, the mean scores of knowledge about PMS and health belief model constructs (including perceived susceptibility), perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived self-efficacy, cues to action, lifestyle/behaviors that reduce PMS symptoms) and the percentage of people who did not have PMS symptoms or had a mild type of PMS increased significantly after implementing the educational intervention in the intervention group compared to before the intervention and compared to the control group. Also, the perceived barriers construct score PMS decreased significantly.
The health belief model education focused on a healthy lifestyle was effective in reducing PMS symptoms. It is recommended to use the educational intervention designed in this study, along with other health care in schools and during puberty as an easy, low-cost, and effective intervention.
健康的生活方式可以降低经前期综合征的发生率和症状。因此，本研究评估了基于健康信念模式的教育干预对与经前期综合征相关的生活方式的影响，以及对一级高中女生经前期综合征症状的减轻作用。
这是一项准实验研究，共纳入 80 名一级高中女生，将其分为干预组和对照组（每组 40 人）。数据收集工具包括参与者的人口统计学信息问卷、经前期症状筛查工具，以及根据健康信念模型构建的关于经前期综合征和减轻其症状的行为的研究者自制问卷。数据分两个阶段（教育干预前和干预后三个月）通过 WhatsApp 收集。干预组的参与者通过 WhatsApp 接受了为期一个月的四次 45 分钟的关于经前期综合征和减轻其症状的行为的教育课程。
根据本研究的结果，与干预前相比，干预组在知识、健康信念模型结构（包括感知易感性）、感知严重程度、感知益处、感知自我效能、行动线索、减轻经前期综合征症状的生活方式/行为方面的得分以及没有经前期综合征症状或经前期综合征症状较轻的人数比例均显著增加，而经前期综合征感知障碍结构得分显著降低。
以健康生活方式为重点的健康信念模式教育可有效减轻经前期综合征症状。建议在学校和青春期期间使用本研究中设计的教育干预措施，以及其他保健措施，作为一种简单、低成本、有效的干预措施。
