Kouvaras G, Cokkinos D
Angiology. 1986 Aug;37(8):592-600. doi: 10.1177/000331978603700806.
Chronic and heavy alcohol consumption has deleterious effects upon the cardiovascular system and may cause congestive cardiomyopathy. Evidence of cardiac malfunction has been found in chronic alcoholics without overt heart failure by invasive and noninvasive methods. Ethanol is the incriminated factor having a direct cardiotoxic effect. Electron microscopy and cardiac muscle biopsies show that ethanol may cause changes on plasmalemmal, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic membranes. The clinical picture and general management of alcoholic cardiomyopathy do not differ substantially from those of congestive cardiomyopathies of any type. It has, however, been demonstrated that cessation of alcohol consumption may lead to an improved prognosis, even to restoration of normal cardiac function, in individuals with preclinical and mild manifestations of cardiac dysfunction. The literature on the possible association of coronary heart disease with alcohol seems to be ambiguous. It has, however, been postulated recently that moderate alcohol intake may have a protective role against coronary heart disease, in contrast to alcoholic intemperance, which may be a factor favoring coronary heart disease.
长期大量饮酒会对心血管系统产生有害影响，并可能导致充血性心肌病。通过侵入性和非侵入性方法，已在无明显心力衰竭的慢性酗酒者中发现心脏功能异常的证据。乙醇被认为是具有直接心脏毒性作用的因素。电子显微镜和心肌活检显示，乙醇可能会导致质膜、线粒体膜和肌浆膜发生变化。酒精性心肌病的临床表现和一般治疗与任何类型的充血性心肌病并无实质性差异。然而，已经证明，对于有心脏功能障碍临床前和轻度表现的个体，戒酒可能会改善预后，甚至恢复正常心脏功能。关于冠心病与酒精可能存在关联的文献似乎并不明确。然而，最近有人提出，与酗酒（可能是促进冠心病的一个因素）相比，适度饮酒可能对冠心病具有保护作用。
