Residual Agrochemical Assessment Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Wanju, 55365, Korea.
Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jul 5;13(1):10834. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36822-w.
This study aimed to investigate the residual characteristics of pesticides drifted by unmanned aerial spray according to buffer strip, windbreak, and morphological characteristics of non-target crops, suggest prevention for drift reduction, and finally conduct a risk analysis on pesticides exceeding the maximum residue limit (MRL) or uniform level (0.01 mg/kg) of the positive list system (PLS). Non-target crops were collected around the aerial sprayed area (paddy rice) in Boryeong, Seocheon, and Pyeongtaek after UAV spray. When pesticides were detected in more than three samples, Duncan's multiple range test was performed. In cases where pesticides were detected in only two samples, an independent sample t-test was conducted (p < 0.05). The drift rate of pesticides tends to decrease by up to 100% as the buffer distance from aerial sprayed area increases or when a windbreak, such as maize, is present between two locations. Thus, the reduction of drifted pesticides could be effective if both factors were applied near the UAV spray area. Moreover, the residue of drifted pesticides was found to be the highest in leafy vegetables such as perilla leaves or leaf and stem vegetables such as Welsh onion, followed by fruit vegetables and cucurbits, owing to the morphological characteristics of crops. Therefore, selecting pulse or cereal such as soybean or maize as a farm product near the UAV spray area can be considered to minimize the drift. For pesticides that exceed the MRL or PLS uniform level, %acceptable dietary intake is 0-0.81% with no risk. Additionally, employing pesticides approved for both paddy rice and farm products in UAV spraying can effectively minimize instances where MRL or PLS are exceeded. Therefore, this study aims to provide farmers with effective guidelines for mitigating drift. Furthermore, we strive to promote stable and uninterrupted food production while facilitating the utilization of agricultural technologies such as UAV spraying to address labor shortages and ensure sustainable food security.
本研究旨在根据缓冲区、防风林和非靶标作物形态特征，调查无人飞机喷雾飘移农药的残留特征，提出减少飘移的预防建议，最后对超过最大残留限量（MRL）或阳性清单系统（PLS）统一水平（0.01mg/kg）的农药进行风险分析。在无人机喷雾后，在保宁、瑞山和平泽的空中喷洒区域周围收集非靶标作物。当超过三个样本检测到农药时，进行邓肯多重范围检验。当仅在两个样本中检测到农药时，进行独立样本 t 检验（p<0.05）。随着与空中喷洒区域的缓冲距离增加或在两个位置之间存在防风林（如玉米），农药飘移率倾向于降低 100%。因此，如果在无人机喷洒区域附近应用这两个因素，可能会有效减少飘移农药。此外，由于作物的形态特征，发现飘移农药的残留量在叶菜类（如苏子叶）或叶茎类（如葱）等蔬菜中最高，其次是果菜类和葫芦科蔬菜。因此，在无人机喷洒区域附近选择豆类或玉米等豆类或谷物作为农产品，可以考虑将飘移降到最低。对于超过 MRL 或 PLS 统一水平的农药，可接受的膳食摄入量为 0-0.81%，无风险。此外，在无人机喷雾中使用既批准用于水稻又批准用于农产品的农药，可以有效减少 MRL 或 PLS 超标情况。因此，本研究旨在为农民提供减轻飘移的有效指导。此外，我们努力促进稳定和不间断的粮食生产，同时促进农业技术（如无人机喷雾）的利用，以解决劳动力短缺问题，确保可持续的粮食安全。
