在 COVID-19 政策背景下的一般心理健康、孤独感和生活满意度：2020 年 4 月至 2022 年 1 月荷兰的一项为期 2 年的队列研究。
General Mental Health, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction in the Context of COVID-19 Policies: A 2-Year Cohort Study in the Netherlands, April 2020-January 2022.
机构信息
Corona Behavioral Unit, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
Centre for Environmental Safety and Security, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 2023 Sep-Oct;138(5):812-821. doi: 10.1177/00333549231176000. Epub 2023 Jul 5.
OBJECTIVE
Although the COVID-19 pandemic has affected mental health, understanding who has been affected most and why is incomplete. We sought to understand changes in mental health in the context of transmission numbers and pandemic (social) restrictions and whether changes in mental health varied among population groups.
METHODS
We analyzed data from 92 062 people (aged ≥16 years and able to read Dutch) who participated in the Corona Behavioral Unit cohort study at the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, the Netherlands, from April 17, 2020, through January 25, 2022. Participants self-reported mental well-being through multiple rounds of surveys. We used a multivariable linear mixed-effects model to analyze loneliness, general mental health, and life satisfaction.
RESULTS
As strictness of pandemic prevention measures and social restrictions increased, people's feelings of loneliness increased and mental health and life satisfaction decreased. As restrictions were relaxed, loneliness decreased and general mental health improved. Younger people (aged 16-24 y) versus older people (aged ≥40 y), people with low (vs high) education levels, and people living alone (vs living together) were more likely to have negative well-being outcomes. We observed that trajectories over time differed considerably only by age, with participants aged 16-24 years affected substantially more than participants aged ≥40 years by pandemic social restrictions. These patterns were consistent across multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that the social restrictions imposed by the Dutch government during the study period were associated with reduced mental well-being, especially among younger people. However, people appeared resilient as they recovered during periods when restrictions were relaxed. Monitoring and supporting well-being, in particular to reduce loneliness, may help younger people during periods of intense social restrictions.
目的
尽管 COVID-19 大流行对心理健康产生了影响，但对于哪些人受影响最大以及原因仍不完全清楚。我们试图了解在传播数量和大流行（社会）限制的背景下心理健康的变化情况，以及心理健康的变化是否在不同人群中存在差异。
方法
我们分析了 92062 名（年龄≥16 岁且能够阅读荷兰语）参与者的数据，他们参加了荷兰国家公共卫生与环境研究所的 Corona 行为单位队列研究。参与者通过多轮调查报告心理健康状况。我们使用多变量线性混合效应模型来分析孤独感、一般心理健康和生活满意度。
结果
随着大流行预防措施和社会限制的严格程度的增加，人们的孤独感增加，心理健康和生活满意度下降。随着限制的放松，孤独感下降，一般心理健康状况改善。年轻人（16-24 岁）比老年人（≥40 岁）、受教育程度较低的人以及独居的人（与同住的人相比）更有可能出现不良的幸福感结果。我们发现，只有年龄的时间轨迹差异较大，与≥40 岁的参与者相比，16-24 岁的参与者受到大流行社会限制的影响要大得多。这些模式在 SARS-CoV-2 感染的多个波次中都是一致的。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，在研究期间荷兰政府实施的社会限制与心理健康状况下降有关，尤其是在年轻人中。然而，随着限制放松，人们似乎正在恢复。在社会限制紧张时期，监测和支持幸福感，特别是减少孤独感，可能有助于年轻人。
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