Wolf A S, Krieger D
Arch Gynecol. 1986;239(1):31-7. doi: 10.1007/BF02134286.
The bacterial colonizing of the intrauterine device (IUD) and its tail were studied in 152 IUDs obtained from 70 symptomless IUD wearers, 13 women with dysfunctional bleeding, 23 women with pelvic inflammatory disease, 31 women in whom the tail of an IUD was no longer visible and 17 women who were pregnant with an IUD in situ. The IUDs were either removed by the transcervical route or through a fundal incision in the uterus after hysterectomy. Most IUD were heavily contaminated by bacteria, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococci and anaerobic Lactobacilli. The number of colonies was higher in women with dysfunctional bleeding and pelvic inflammatory disease than in others with a predominance of pathogenic bacteria, namely beta-hemolytic Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Almost half of the IUDs without a tail protruding through the cervix were sterile. With pregnancy in the presence of an IUD, 71% of devices grew bacteria which were mainly anaerobic.
对从70名无症状宫内节育器（IUD）佩戴者、13名功能失调性子宫出血妇女、23名盆腔炎妇女、31名IUD尾丝不可见的妇女以及17名带器妊娠妇女取出的152个IUD及其尾丝进行了细菌定植研究。IUD通过经宫颈途径取出，或在子宫切除术后经子宫底部切口取出。大多数IUD被细菌严重污染，尤其是表皮葡萄球菌、肠球菌和厌氧乳杆菌。功能失调性子宫出血和盆腔炎妇女的菌落数高于其他妇女，且以病原菌为主，即β溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌。几乎一半宫颈口无尾丝突出的IUD是无菌的。带器妊娠时，71%的IUD培养出细菌，主要为厌氧菌。
