School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Oct 15;344:118516. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118516. Epub 2023 Jul 4.
Centralized vs. decentralized sewage treatment is one of the key issues in the planning of rural sewage treatment (RST) in China due to the country's diverse regional characteristics. There are very limited comprehensive evaluation models for selecting regionally suitable schemes and facilities, particularly for national or provisional scale planning. As a scenario-based multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) issue, this paper develops a novel RST suitability evaluation model by integrating the multi-attribute analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS). The suitability evaluation model sets up 3 small-centralized and 4 decentralized RST facilities as candidates and includes 12 evaluation indicators that cover economic cost, life cycle environmental impacts, technical features and operations management. Eight generic scenarios are classified for Chinese rural areas based on differences in three major characteristic factors, i.e., population density (PD), the economic development level (EDL), and topographic slope (TS). The universal evaluation results show that a centralized sewage treatment scheme is more suitable for areas with a high PD/high EDL/low TS, while a decentralized scheme is more suitable for areas with a low PD/low EDL/high TS. Sensitivity analysis shows that in regions with a high PD/low EDL, the indicator weight of the construction investment cost in the model has a great influence on the facility suitability ranking. However, in regions with a high PD/high EDL, the ranking is the most sensitive to the indicator weights of the global warming potential and sewage treatment effect. Furthermore, as a spatial decision issue, an RST suitability map of Hunan Province in China is produced at the county level of resolution, and the map is generally consistent with our field knowledge of several counties in Hunan Province. The presented evaluation framework can be integrated into environmental decision support systems in the future to help local and central governments, water utilities, design institutes and other stakeholders scientifically plan RST projects.
集中式与分散式污水处理是中国农村污水处理规划（RST）的关键问题之一，这是由于中国地域特征多样所致。对于选择区域适用的方案和设施，特别是对于国家或临时规模的规划，非常缺乏全面的综合评价模型。作为基于情景的多属性决策（MADM）问题，本文通过将多属性层次分析法（AHP）与逼近理想解的排序技术（TOPSIS）相结合，开发了一种新颖的 RST 适宜性评价模型。该适宜性评价模型设置了 3 个小型集中式和 4 个分散式 RST 设施作为候选，并包含了 12 个评价指标，涵盖了经济成本、生命周期环境影响、技术特点和运营管理。根据人口密度（PD）、经济发展水平（EDL）和地形坡度（TS）三个主要特征因素的差异，将中国农村地区分为 8 个通用情景。普遍的评价结果表明，集中式污水处理方案更适合 PD 高/EDL 高/LTS 低的地区，而分散式方案更适合 PD 低/EDL 低/LTS 高的地区。敏感性分析表明，在 PD 高/EDL 低的地区，模型中建设投资成本的指标权重对设施适宜性排名有很大影响。然而，在 PD 高/EDL 高的地区，排名对全球变暖潜势和污水处理效果的指标权重最为敏感。此外，作为一个空间决策问题，生成了中国湖南省的 RST 适宜性图，该图在县级分辨率上，与我们对湖南省几个县的实地知识大体一致。所提出的评价框架可以集成到未来的环境决策支持系统中，以帮助地方和中央政府、水务公司、设计机构和其他利益相关者科学地规划 RST 项目。
