Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Division of Hematology and Oncology-Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep;37(5):101796. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101796. Epub 2023 Jun 28.
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) represent a heterogeneous group of malignancies that arise from neuroendocrine cells dispersed throughout the organs/tissues of the body. Treatment of advanced/metastatic disease varies depending on tumor origin and grade. Somatostatin analogs (SSA) have been the mainstay first-line treatment in the advanced/metastatic setting for tumor control and managing hormonal syndromes. Treatments beyond SSAs have expanded to include everolimus (mTOR inhibitor), tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (e.g., sunitinib), and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with the choice of therapy to some extent dictated by the anatomic origin of the NETs. This review will focus on emerging systemic treatments for advanced/metastatic NETs, particularly TKIs, and immunotherapy.
神经内分泌肿瘤（NETs）是一组异质性的恶性肿瘤，起源于分布在全身器官/组织中的神经内分泌细胞。晚期/转移性疾病的治疗取决于肿瘤的起源和分级。生长抑素类似物（SSA）一直是晚期/转移性疾病中控制肿瘤和治疗激素综合征的一线主要治疗药物。除了 SSA 之外的治疗方法已经扩展到包括依维莫司（mTOR 抑制剂）、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（TKI）（如舒尼替尼）和肽受体放射性核素治疗（PRRT），治疗方法的选择在一定程度上取决于 NETs 的解剖起源。本文将重点介绍晚期/转移性 NETs 的新兴系统治疗方法，特别是 TKI 和免疫疗法。
