Laboratory of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine West Division, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Curr Med Chem. 2024;31(31):5046-5060. doi: 10.2174/0929867331666230706161144.
A healthy maternal diet must consider an appropriate supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) precursors to ensure adequate growth and development of the fetus. In this regard, n-6 PUFAs, predominantly linoleic (C18:2 n-6, LA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4 n-6), have a central role in the development of the central nervous system because they are part of the membrane structure and participate in the metabolism and signal transduction of cells. Nevertheless, they can also be transformed into inflammatory metabolites promoting the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In modern westernized societies, there is a high dietary consumption of foods rich in n-6 PUFAs which could have detrimental consequences for the fetus and neonate due to excessive exposure to these fatty acids (FAs).
To summarize the evidence of maternal, placental, and fetal alterations that an excessive intake of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), LA, and AA, could produce during pregnancy.
A thorough review of the literature regarding the effects of n-6 PUFAs during pregnancy and lactation including and models, was carried out using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine-National Institutes of Health.
An elevated intake of n-6 PUFA, specifically LA, during pregnancy influences children's motor, cognitive, and verbal development during infancy and early childhood. Similarly, they could harm the placenta and the development of other fetal organs such as the fat tissue, liver, and cardiovascular system.
Maternal diet, specifically LA intake, could have significant repercussions on fetal development and long-term consequences in the offspring, including the possibility of future metabolic and mental diseases. It would be necessary to focus on the prevention of these alterations through timely dietary interventions in the target population.
健康的母体饮食必须考虑适当供应长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LCPUFAs）前体，以确保胎儿的充分生长和发育。在这方面，n-6PUFAs，主要是亚油酸（C18：2 n-6，LA）和花生四烯酸（C20：4 n-6），在中枢神经系统的发育中起着核心作用，因为它们是膜结构的一部分，并参与细胞的代谢和信号转导。然而，它们也可以转化为促炎代谢物，促进心血管疾病、癌症以及自身免疫或炎症性疾病的发病机制。在现代西方化社会中，富含 n-6PUFAs 的食物的饮食消耗很高，由于这些脂肪酸（FAs）的过度暴露，可能对胎儿和新生儿产生不利影响。
总结母体、胎盘和胎儿在怀孕期间摄入过多 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）、LA 和 AA 可能产生的改变的证据。
使用美国国立卫生研究院国家医学图书馆的 PubMed 数据库，对有关怀孕期间和哺乳期 n-6PUFAs 影响的文献进行了全面综述，包括 和 模型。
怀孕期间 n-6PUFA，特别是 LA 的摄入量增加，会影响婴儿在婴儿期和幼儿期的运动、认知和语言发育。同样，它们可能损害胎盘和其他胎儿器官的发育，如脂肪组织、肝脏和心血管系统。
母体饮食，特别是 LA 的摄入量，可能对胎儿发育和后代的长期后果产生重大影响，包括未来代谢和精神疾病的可能性。有必要通过及时在目标人群中进行饮食干预来预防这些改变。
