Zhong Yingyan, Huang Xinxin, Chen Jianhua, Li Yuting, Li Yan, Chen Rumeng, Cong Enzhao, Xu Yifeng
Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jun 21;14:1196569. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1196569. eCollection 2023.
After decades of the one-child policy, China changed its rules to allow two children in 2016, which altered family dynamics. Few studies have examined the emotional problems and the family environment of multi-child adolescents. This study aims to explore the role of only-child status in the impact of childhood trauma and parental rearing style on depressive symptoms of adolescents in Shanghai, China.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 4,576 adolescents ( = 13.42 years, SD = 1.21) from seven middle schools in Shanghai, China. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Short Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran, and Children's Depression Inventory were used to evaluate childhood trauma, perceived parental rearing style, and depressive symptoms of adolescents, respectively.
Results showed that girls and non-only children reported more depressive symptoms, while boys and non-only children perceived more childhood trauma and negative rearing styles. Emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and father's emotional warmth significantly predicted depressive symptoms in both only children and non-only children. Father's rejection and mother's overprotection were related to adolescents' depressive symptoms in only-child families, but not non-only child families.
Therefore, depressive symptoms, childhood trauma, and perceived negative rearing styles were more prevalent among adolescents in non-only child families, while negative rearing styles were especially associated with depressive symptoms in only children. These findings suggest that parents pay attention to their impacts on only children and give more emotional care to non-only children.
在实行了数十年的独生子女政策之后，中国于2016年更改规定允许生育两个孩子，这改变了家庭结构。很少有研究探讨多子女青少年的情绪问题和家庭环境。本研究旨在探讨独生子女身份在中国上海青少年中童年创伤和父母养育方式对抑郁症状影响中的作用。
对来自中国上海七所中学的4576名青少年（平均年龄=13.42岁，标准差=1.21）进行了一项横断面研究。分别使用儿童创伤问卷简表、父母养育方式问卷简表和儿童抑郁量表来评估青少年的童年创伤、感知到的父母养育方式和抑郁症状。
结果显示，女孩和非独生子女报告的抑郁症状更多，而男孩和非独生子女感知到更多的童年创伤和消极养育方式。情感虐待、情感忽视和父亲的情感温暖在独生子女和非独生子女中均显著预测抑郁症状。父亲的拒绝和母亲的过度保护与独生子女家庭青少年的抑郁症状有关，但与非独生子女家庭无关。
因此，抑郁症状、童年创伤和感知到的消极养育方式在非独生子女家庭青少年中更为普遍，而消极养育方式尤其与独生子女的抑郁症状相关。这些发现表明，父母应关注他们对独生子女的影响，并给予非独生子女更多情感关怀。
