Jeong Yangseung, Taylor Rebecca J, Jung Yochun, Woo Eun Jin
Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, USA.
Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency-Laboratory, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hickam, USA.
Forensic Sci Res. 2023 Apr 29;8(1):16-23. doi: 10.1093/fsr/owad008. eCollection 2023 Mar.
Trotter and Gleser presented two sets of stature estimation equations for the US White males in their 1952 and 1958 studies. Following Trotter's suggestion favouring the 1952 equations simply due to the smaller standard errors, the 1958 equations have been seldom used and have gone without additional systematic validation tests. This study aims to assess the performance of the Trotter and Gleser 1952, Trotter and Gleser 1958, and FORDISC equations for the White males in a quantitative and systematic way, particularly when applied to the WWII and Korean War casualties. In sum, 27 equations (7 from the 1952 study, 10 from the 1958 study, and 10 from FORDISC) were applied to the osteometric data of 240 accounted-for White male casualties of the WWII and Korean War. Then, the bias, accuracy, and Bayes factor for each set of stature estimates were calculated. The results show that, overall, Trotter and Gleser's 1958 equations outperform the 1952 and FORDISC equations in terms of all three measures. Particularly, the equations with higher Bayes factors produced stature estimates where distributions were closer to that of the reported statures than those with lower Bayes factors. When considering Bayes factors, the best performing equation was the "Radius" equation from the 1958 study (BF = 15.34) followed by the "Humerus+Radius" equation from FORDISC (BF = 14.42) and the "Fibula" equation from the 1958 study (BF = 13.82). The results of this study will provide researchers and practitioners applying the Trotter and Gleser stature estimation method with a practical guide for equation selection.
The performance of three stature estimation methods was compared quantitatively.Trotter and Gleser's (1952, 1958) and FORDISC White male equations were included.Overall, Trotter and Gleser's 1958 method outperformed the other methods.This study provides a practical guide for stature estimation equation selection.
特罗特和格莱泽在1952年和1958年的研究中提出了两组针对美国白人男性的身高估计方程。遵循特罗特的建议，仅仅因为1952年方程的标准误差较小，1958年的方程很少被使用，并且没有进行额外的系统验证测试。本研究旨在以定量和系统的方式评估特罗特和格莱泽1952年、特罗特和格莱泽1958年以及FORDISC方程在白人男性中的表现，特别是在应用于二战和朝鲜战争伤亡人员时。总之，将27个方程（1952年研究中的7个、1958年研究中的10个以及FORDISC中的10个）应用于240名已查明身份的二战和朝鲜战争白人男性伤亡人员的骨骼测量数据。然后，计算每组身高估计值的偏差、准确性和贝叶斯因子。结果表明，总体而言，特罗特和格莱泽1958年的方程在所有三项指标上均优于1952年的方程和FORDISC方程。特别是，贝叶斯因子较高的方程所产生的身高估计值的分布比贝叶斯因子较低的方程更接近报告身高的分布。在考虑贝叶斯因子时，表现最佳的方程是1958年研究中的“桡骨”方程（BF = 15.34），其次是FORDISC中的“肱骨 + 桡骨”方程（BF = 14.42）和1958年研究中的“腓骨”方程（BF = 13.82）。本研究结果将为应用特罗特和格莱泽身高估计方法的研究人员和从业者提供方程选择的实用指南。
对三种身高估计方法的表现进行了定量比较。包括特罗特和格莱泽（1952年、1958年）以及FORDISC白人男性方程。总体而言，特罗特和格莱泽1958年的方法优于其他方法。本研究为身高估计方程的选择提供了实用指南。
