Rojas-Espinoza Rolando, Macedo Rassiel, Suaña Alex, Delgado Alfredo, Manrique Yan P, Rodríguez Halley, Quispe Yesenia M, Perez-Guerra Uri H, Pérez-Durand Manuel G, García-Herreros Manuel
Facultad de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, Puno 21001, Peru.
Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco 08000, Peru.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Jun 1;13(11):1843. doi: 10.3390/ani13111843.
Several Creole cattle biotypes can be found in the Andean highlands, and most of them are considered as being in risk of extinction. The main aim of the present study was to perform a phenotypic characterization of the Creole cattle in the Andean highlands using bio-morphometric measures and zoometric indices. Individuals from three different biotypes (Black 'Negro' (n = 57), Colour-Sided 'Callejón' (n = 20), and Brindle 'Atigrado' (n = 18)) from an experimental research center located in the Peruvian highlands were enrolled in the study. In total, seventeen morphometric parameters were evaluated and ten zoometric indices were calculated in each biotype. To test the relationship between biometric traits, correlation analyses were carried out between morphometric parameters. Differences were observed regarding different morphometric variables such as head length (HL) and rump length (RL) among cattle biotypes ( ≤ 0.05). The coefficient of variation (CV; %) regarding different morphometric parameters ranged between 11.32 for neck length (NL) and 3.63 for height at withers (HaW), which indicated low-moderate variability among morphometric variables. Differences were observed in the longitudinal pelvic index (LPI) when different zoometric indices were compared among biotypes ( ≤ 0.05). The CV regarding different zoometric indices, which ranged between 10.78 for the cephalic index (CEI) and 5.05 for LPI, indicated low variability among indices. No differences were observed in any other morphometric parameter or zoometric index among cattle biotypes or genders ( > 0.05). Finally, multiple correlations were observed between morphometric variables ( ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, it was determined that Peruvian Andean Creole cattle can be considered as a dairy-related biotype with a slight tendency for beef production (dual-purpose). The great homogeneity regarding zoometric characteristics among biotypes and genders may indicate that the Andean Creole cattle have been maintained quite isolated, avoiding the genetic influence of other foreign breeds. Finally, the phenotypic characterization including bio-morphometric measurements and zoometric indices obtained from the different Creole bovine biotypes is crucial in order to begin different conservation programs to preserve cattle breeds in the Peruvian Andean highlands.
在安第斯高地可以发现几种克里奥尔牛生物型，其中大多数被认为面临灭绝风险。本研究的主要目的是利用生物形态测量方法和动物测量指数对安第斯高地的克里奥尔牛进行表型特征分析。来自秘鲁高地一个实验研究中心的三种不同生物型（黑色‘Negro’（n = 57）、花斑侧‘Callejón’（n = 20）和虎斑‘Atigrado’（n = 18））的个体被纳入研究。总共评估了17个形态学参数，并计算了每种生物型的10个动物测量指数。为了测试生物特征之间的关系，对形态学参数进行了相关性分析。在牛的生物型之间，观察到不同形态学变量如头长（HL）和臀长（RL）存在差异（P≤0.05）。不同形态学参数的变异系数（CV；%）在颈长（NL）的11.32和肩胛高度（HaW）的3.63之间，这表明形态学变量之间存在低到中等程度的变异性。当比较不同生物型之间的不同动物测量指数时，在纵向骨盆指数（LPI）上观察到差异（P≤0.05）。不同动物测量指数的CV在头指数（CEI）的10.78和LPI的5.05之间，表明指数之间的变异性较低。在牛的生物型或性别之间，在任何其他形态学参数或动物测量指数上均未观察到差异（P>0.05）。最后，在形态学变量之间观察到多重相关性（P≤0.05）。总之，确定秘鲁安第斯克里奥尔牛可被视为与乳制品相关的生物型，有轻微的肉牛生产倾向（两用型）。生物型和性别之间在动物测量特征方面的高度同质性可能表明安第斯克里奥尔牛一直保持着相当的隔离，避免了其他外来品种的基因影响。最后，包括从不同克里奥尔牛生物型获得的生物形态测量和动物测量指数在内的表型特征分析对于启动不同的保护计划以保护秘鲁安第斯高地的牛品种至关重要。
