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美国克里奥尔牛中的非洲母系血统:两个独立大陆来源的证据。

African matrilineages in American Creole cattle: evidence of two independent continental sources.

作者信息

Lirón J P, Bravi C M, Mirol P M, Peral-García P, Giovambattista G

机构信息

Centro de Investigaciones en Genética Básica y Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900AVW, cc 296, Argentina.

出版信息

Anim Genet. 2006 Aug;37(4):379-82. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01452.x.

Abstract

In order to clarify the historical origin and phylogeographic affinities of Creole cattle matrilineages throughout the American continent, we analysed published D-loop mtDNA sequences (n = 454) from Creole, Iberian and African cattle breeds. The Western European T3 haplogroup was the most common in American Creole cattle (63.6%), followed by the African T1 (32.4%) and the Near Eastern T2 haplogroups (4%). None of the sequences were found in Bos indicus types. Within the African T1 haplogroup there were two subclades, T1a and T1*, whose geographic distribution in America was clearly disjointed. T1a is a highly divergent clade originally reported for Creole cattle from Brazil and the Lesser Antilles, but whose geographic distribution in Africa remains unknown. In contrast, lineages attributable to T1* are restricted in America to the region colonized by the Spaniards. We propose a new hypothesis for the origins of Creole cattle that summarizes all previously published historical and genetic data. While the African T1* fraction in Creole cattle may have arrived in America through the Iberian breeds, the divergent T1a lineages may have been introduced by Portuguese and other European crowns from some unknown, not-yet-sampled African location. Additional molecular studies will be required for pinpointing the specific African regional source.

摘要

为了厘清美洲大陆克里奥尔牛母系谱系的历史起源和系统发育亲缘关系,我们分析了已发表的来自克里奥尔牛、伊比利亚牛和非洲牛品种的D-loop线粒体DNA序列(n = 454)。西欧T3单倍群在美洲克里奥尔牛中最为常见(63.6%),其次是非洲T1单倍群(32.4%)和近东T2单倍群(4%)。在瘤牛类型中未发现任何序列。在非洲T1单倍群内有两个亚分支,T1a和T1*,它们在美洲的地理分布明显不连续。T1a是一个高度分化的分支,最初报道于来自巴西和小安的列斯群岛的克里奥尔牛,但它在非洲的地理分布仍然未知。相比之下,可归因于T1的谱系在美洲仅限于西班牙人殖民的地区。我们提出了一个关于克里奥尔牛起源的新假说,该假说总结了所有先前发表的历史和遗传数据。虽然克里奥尔牛中的非洲T1部分可能是通过伊比利亚品种抵达美洲的,但分化的T1a谱系可能是由葡萄牙和其他欧洲王室从某个未知的、尚未采样的非洲地点引入的。需要进一步的分子研究来确定具体的非洲区域来源。

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