School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecology Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710054, China.
RELX Technical Science Center, Shenzhen RELX Tech. Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Nov 1;897:165355. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165355. Epub 2023 Jul 5.
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) have gained significant popularity in recent years as a substitute for combustible cigarettes. However, there is growing concern regarding the safety of E-cigarette products for both the users and those exposed passively to second-hand emissions, which contain nicotine and other toxic substances. In particular, the characteristics of second-hand PM exposure and the transmission of nicotine from E-cigarettes remain unclear. In this study, the untrapped mainstream aerosols from the E-cigarette and smoke from cigarettes were exhausted by the smoking machines which were operated under standardized puffing regimes to simulate second-hand vapor or smoke exposure. The concentrations and components of PM released from cigarettes and E-cigarettes were compared under varying environmental conditions and regulated using a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. Additionally, the ambient nicotine concentrations and the size distribution of the generated aerosols were determined at different distances from the release source. Results showed that PM accounted for the highest proportion (98 %) of the released particulate matter (PM, PM, and PM). The mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of cigarette smoke (0.5 ± 0.01 μm, geometric standard deviation (GSD) 1.97 ± 0.1) was smaller than that of E-cigarette aerosols (1.06 ± 0.14 μm, GSD 1.79 ± 0.19). The PM concentrations and chemical components were effectively reduced when the HVAC system was utilized. Nicotine concentrations in E-cigarette aerosols were comparable to those of combustible cigarette emissions when close to the exposure source (0 m), while they declined more rapidly than cigarette smoke emissions with increasing distance from the source. Furthermore, the maximum nicotine concentrations occurred in 1 μm and 0.5 μm particles in E-cigarette and cigarette emissions, respectively. These results provide a scientific basis for the assessment of E-cigarette and cigarette aerosol passive exposure risks, guiding the development of environmental and human health control measures for these products.
电子烟作为可燃香烟的替代品，近年来受到了广泛的欢迎。然而，人们越来越关注电子烟产品对使用者和被动暴露于二手排放物的人的安全性，因为这些排放物含有尼古丁和其他有毒物质。特别是，二手 PM 暴露的特征以及电子烟中尼古丁的传播方式仍不清楚。在这项研究中，使用吸烟机排出电子烟和香烟烟雾中的未捕获主流气溶胶，这些气溶胶是在标准化抽吸模式下运行的，以模拟二手蒸气或烟雾暴露。在不同的环境条件下比较了从香烟和电子烟释放的 PM 的浓度和成分，并使用加热、通风和空调（HVAC）系统进行了调节。此外，还在不同的距离处从释放源确定了环境中的尼古丁浓度和生成气溶胶的粒径分布。结果表明，PM 占释放的颗粒物（PM、PM 和 PM）的比例最高（98%）。香烟烟雾的质量中值空气动力学直径（MMAD）（0.5±0.01μm，几何标准偏差（GSD）1.97±0.1）小于电子烟气溶胶的 MMAD（1.06±0.14μm，GSD 1.79±0.19）。当使用 HVAC 系统时，PM 浓度和化学成分得到了有效降低。当接近暴露源（0m）时，电子烟气溶胶中的尼古丁浓度与可燃香烟排放物相当，而随着与源的距离增加，其下降速度快于香烟烟雾排放物。此外，电子烟和香烟排放物中最大的尼古丁浓度分别出现在 1μm 和 0.5μm 的颗粒中。这些结果为评估电子烟和香烟气溶胶被动暴露风险提供了科学依据，为这些产品的环境和人类健康控制措施的制定提供了指导。
