Chemical Insights Research Institute of UL Research Institutes, Marietta, GA, 30367, USA.
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
Sci Rep. 2024 Aug 15;14(1):18949. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-69985-1.
Secondhand vaping exposure is an emerging public health concern that remains understudied. In this study, saliva and exhaled emissions from ENDS users (secondhand) and non-ENDS users (baseline) were collected, firsthand emissions were generated using an automated ENDS aerosol generation system programmed to simulate puffing topography profiles collected from ENDS users. Particulate concentrations and sizes along with volatile organic compounds were characterized. We revealed puffing topography metrics as potential mediators of firsthand and secondhand particle and chemical exposures, as well as metabolic and respiratory health outcomes. Particle deposition modeling revealed that while secondhand emissions displayed smaller deposited mass, total and pulmonary particle deposition fractions were higher than firsthand deposition levels, possibly due to smaller secondhand emission particle diameters. Lastly, untargeted metabolomic profiling of salivary biomarkers of lung injury due to firsthand ENDS exposures revealed potential early indicators of respiratory distress that may also be relevant in bystanders exposed to secondhand vaping scenarios. By leveraging system toxicology, we identified 10 metabolites, including leukotriene D4, that could potentially serve as biomarkers for ENDS use, exposure estimation, and the prediction of vaping-related disease. This study highlights characterization of vaping behavior is an important exposure component in advancing our understanding of potential health effects in ENDS users and bystanders.
二手蒸气吸入暴露是一个新出现的公共卫生问题，但仍研究不足。在这项研究中，收集了蒸气器具使用者（二手）和非蒸气器具使用者（基线）的唾液和呼出排放物，使用自动化蒸气器具气溶胶生成系统生成了第一手排放物，该系统编程模拟了从蒸气器具使用者收集的抽吸地形轮廓。对颗粒浓度和大小以及挥发性有机化合物进行了表征。我们揭示了抽吸地形学指标作为一手和二手颗粒和化学暴露以及代谢和呼吸健康结果的潜在介质。颗粒沉积建模表明，尽管二手排放物显示出较小的沉积质量，但总颗粒和肺颗粒沉积分数高于一手沉积水平，这可能是由于二手排放物颗粒直径较小。最后，对由于一手蒸气器具暴露而导致的唾液生物标志物的非靶向代谢组学分析显示了呼吸窘迫的潜在早期指标，这些指标在接触二手蒸气吸入情况的旁观者中也可能相关。通过利用系统毒理学，我们鉴定出 10 种代谢物，包括白三烯 D4，它们可能作为蒸气器具使用、暴露评估以及与蒸气吸入相关疾病预测的生物标志物。本研究强调了蒸气吸入行为的特征是在深入了解蒸气器具使用者和旁观者潜在健康影响方面的一个重要暴露成分。
