Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, 100871 Beijing, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, 100871 Beijing, China; National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, China.
Neuroscience. 2023 Aug 10;525:13-25. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.06.025. Epub 2023 Jul 5.
Dopamine (DA) is a critical neuromodulator involved in various brain functions. To understand how DA regulates neural circuits and behaviors in the physiological and pathological conditions, it is essential to have tools that enable the direct detection of DA dynamics in vivo. Recently, genetically encoded DA sensors based on G protein-coupled receptors revolutionized this field, as it allows us to track in vivo DA dynamic with unprecedented spatial-temporal resolution, high molecular specificity, and sub-second kinetics. In this review, we first summarize traditional DA detection methods. Then we focus on the development of genetically encoded DA sensors and feature its significance to understanding dopaminergic neuromodulation across diverse behaviors and species. Finally, we present our perspectives about the future direction of the next-generation DA sensors and extend their potential applications. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive perspective on the past, present, and future of DA detection tools, with important implications for the study of DA functions in health and disease.
多巴胺（DA）是一种重要的神经调质，参与各种脑功能。为了了解 DA 如何在生理和病理条件下调节神经回路和行为，必须要有能够在体内直接检测 DA 动态的工具。最近，基于 G 蛋白偶联受体的基因编码 DA 传感器彻底改变了这一领域，因为它使我们能够以前所未有的时空分辨率、高分子特异性和亚秒级动力学来跟踪体内 DA 动态。在这篇综述中，我们首先总结了传统的 DA 检测方法。然后，我们专注于基因编码 DA 传感器的发展，并强调其对理解不同行为和物种中多巴胺能神经调制的意义。最后，我们对下一代 DA 传感器的未来方向提出了看法，并扩展了它们的潜在应用。总的来说，这篇综述全面地介绍了 DA 检测工具的过去、现在和未来，对研究 DA 在健康和疾病中的功能具有重要意义。
