College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48(th) St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA.
College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA.
Vaccine. 2023 Aug 7;41(35):5150-5158. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.006. Epub 2023 Jul 7.
The purpose of this study is to examine relationships between COVID-19 vaccination, social processes, and the practical issues of healthcare coverage and workplace requirements. We examine these relationships among individuals who expressed some degree of hesitancy towards receiving the vaccine. Assessing relationships between COVID-19 vaccination, social processes, and practical issues among vaccine-hesitant individuals has implications for public health policy and intervention.
We analyzed weighted data from a random sample phone survey of Arkansas adults (N = 2,201) between March 1st and March 28th, 2022 and constrained our analytical sample to those who had reported some degree of vaccine hesitancy (N = 1,251). Statistical analyses included weighted and unweighted descriptive statistics, weighted bivariate logistic regressions, and a weighted multivariate logistic regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios for COVID-19 vaccination.
More than two-thirds (62.5 %) of respondents were vaccinated, despite their hesitancy. Adjusted odds of COVID-19 vaccination were greater among Black (OR = 2.55; 95 % CI[1.63, 3.97]) and Hispanic respondents (OR = 2.46; 95 % CI[1.53, 3.95]), respondents whose healthcare provider recommended vaccination (OR = 2.50; 95 % CI[1.66, 3.77]), and as perceptions of vaccination coverage (OR = 2.04; 95 % CI[1.71, 2.43]) and subjective social status increased (OR = 1.10; 95 % CI[1.01, 1.19]). Adjusted odds of COVID-19 vaccination were greater among respondents with a workplace that recommended (OR = 1.96; 95 % CI[1.03, 3.72]) or required vaccination (OR = 12.62; 95 % CI[4.76, 33.45]) and among respondents who were not employed (OR = 1.82; 95 % CI[1.10, 3.01]) compared to those whose workplace did not recommend or require COVID-19 vaccination.
Some hesitant individuals become vaccinated despite their hesitancy-a group we refer to as "hesitant adopters." Social processes and practical issues are important correlates of vaccination among those who are hesitant. Workplace requirements appear to be of particular importance for vaccination among hesitant individuals. Provider recommendations, norms, social status, and workplace policies may be effective points of intervention among those who express vaccine hesitancy.
本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 疫苗接种、社会进程以及医疗保健覆盖和工作场所要求等实际问题之间的关系。我们在对疫苗接种犹豫不决的个体中研究了这些关系。评估 COVID-19 疫苗接种、社会进程和疫苗犹豫不决个体的实际问题之间的关系对公共卫生政策和干预措施具有重要意义。
我们分析了 2022 年 3 月 1 日至 3 月 28 日期间对阿肯色州成年人进行的一项随机抽样电话调查的加权数据（N=2201），并将我们的分析样本限制在那些报告了某种程度疫苗犹豫的个体中（N=1251）。统计分析包括加权和未加权描述性统计、加权双变量逻辑回归以及加权多变量逻辑回归，以获得 COVID-19 疫苗接种的调整后优势比。
尽管存在犹豫，但超过三分之二（62.5%）的受访者已接种疫苗。与疫苗接种犹豫不决相关的调整后 COVID-19 疫苗接种的优势比在黑人和西班牙裔受访者中更高（OR=2.55；95%CI[1.63, 3.97]）和西班牙裔受访者中更高（OR=2.46；95%CI[1.53, 3.95]），在医疗保健提供者建议接种疫苗的受访者中更高（OR=2.50；95%CI[1.66, 3.77]），随着疫苗接种覆盖率的感知（OR=2.04；95%CI[1.71, 2.43]）和主观社会地位的提高（OR=1.10；95%CI[1.01, 1.19]）。与工作场所不建议或不要求 COVID-19 疫苗接种的受访者相比，工作场所建议（OR=1.96；95%CI[1.03, 3.72]）或要求（OR=12.62；95%CI[4.76, 33.45]）接种疫苗的受访者以及未就业的受访者（OR=1.82；95%CI[1.10, 3.01]）调整后的 COVID-19 疫苗接种优势更高。
尽管存在犹豫，但一些犹豫不决的个体仍会接种疫苗——我们称之为“犹豫不决的接受者”。社会进程和实际问题是犹豫不决者接种疫苗的重要相关因素。工作场所要求似乎对犹豫不决者的疫苗接种尤为重要。在表达疫苗犹豫的人群中，提供者的建议、规范、社会地位和工作场所政策可能是有效的干预点。
