Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People's Hospital, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
PeerJ. 2023 Jul 4;11:e15571. doi: 10.7717/peerj.15571. eCollection 2023.
Glioma is the most common tumor of the central nervous system (CNS), with a 5-year survival rate of <35%. Drug therapy, such as chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents, remains one of the main treatment modalities for glioma, including temozolomide, doxorubicin, bortezomib, cabazitaxel, dihydroartemisinin, immune checkpoint inhibitors, as well as other approaches such as siRNA, ferroptosis induction, . However, the filter function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) reduces the amount of drugs needed to effectively target CNS tumors, making it one of the main reasons for poor drug efficacies in glioma. Thus, finding a suitable drug delivery platform that can cross the BBB, increase drug aggregation and retainment in tumoral areas and avoid accumulation in non-targeted areas remains an unsolved challenge in glioma drug therapy. An ideal drug delivery system for glioma therapy should have the following features: (1) prolonged drug life in circulation and effective penetration through the BBB; (2) adequate accumulation within the tumor (3) controlled-drug release modulation; (4) good clearance from the body without significant toxicity and immunogenicity, etc. In this regard, due to their unique structural features, nanocarriers can effectively span the BBB and target glioma cells through surface functionalization, providing a new and effective strategy for drug delivery. In this article, we discuss the characteristics and pathways of different nanocarriers for crossing the BBB and targeting glioma by listing different materials for drug delivery platforms, including lipid materials, polymers, nanocrystals, inorganic nanomaterials, .
神经胶质瘤是中枢神经系统（CNS）最常见的肿瘤，5 年生存率<35%。药物治疗，如化疗和免疫治疗药物，仍然是神经胶质瘤的主要治疗方式之一，包括替莫唑胺、阿霉素、硼替佐米、卡巴他赛、青蒿琥酯、免疫检查点抑制剂以及其他方法，如 siRNA、铁死亡诱导等。然而，血脑屏障（BBB）的过滤功能降低了有效靶向 CNS 肿瘤所需的药物剂量，这也是神经胶质瘤药物疗效不佳的主要原因之一。因此，寻找一种合适的药物递送平台，使其能够穿过 BBB，增加药物在肿瘤区域的聚集和保留，并避免在非靶向区域积累，仍然是神经胶质瘤药物治疗中的一个未解决的挑战。用于神经胶质瘤治疗的理想药物递送系统应具有以下特征：（1）延长药物在循环中的寿命并有效穿透 BBB；（2）在肿瘤内有足够的积累；（3）控制药物释放的调节；（4）良好的清除，无明显毒性和免疫原性等。在这方面，由于其独特的结构特征，纳米载体可以通过表面功能化有效地跨越 BBB 并靶向神经胶质瘤细胞，为药物递送提供了一种新的有效策略。在本文中，我们通过列出不同的药物递送平台的材料，包括脂质材料、聚合物、纳米晶体、无机纳米材料等，讨论了不同纳米载体穿越 BBB 并靶向神经胶质瘤的特性和途径。
