Department of Health, Fitness and Recreation, National University of Ukraine on Physical Education and Sport, Kyiv, Ukraine -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2023 Oct;63(10):1126-1134. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.23.14993-0. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
This paper aimed to establish whether bullying in sports affects the satisfaction of such psychological needs as autonomy, competence, and relatedness in professional sports.
The instruments in this work were the Bullying Participant Behaviors Questionnaire (BPBQ), the Motivational Mediators Scale in Sport (EMMD), and the Psychological Needs Thwarting Scale (PNTS). The participants were 708 professional athletes.
Comparison of EMMD and PNTS means unveiled that professional athletes with no bullying experience are more psychologically satisfied and less thwarted in all three dimensions (competence, autonomy, and relatedness). Among the group exposed to bullying, victims (18.92) and bullies (23.18) had the lowest needs in terms of competence, while bullies (26.14) and victims (20.10) experienced the lowest autonomy. The relatedness factor was most pronounced in victims' defenders (34.06) and least in victims (16.39). The lowest competence thwarting was found for outsiders and defenders, and the highest - among victims of bullying (18.12). But both bullies and their helpers had significantly higher scores than the other two roles. The need for autonomy, in turn, was least thwarted in outsiders and defenders, and most - in victims, as in the case of the relatedness subscale.
The practical and scientific value of this work stem from the fact that it proves the negative impact of bullying on the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. The obtained findings can facilitate the development and implementation of updated educational programs and practices, leadership systems, as well as be conducive to the work of sports psychologists.
本文旨在探讨运动中的欺凌行为是否会影响职业体育中自主、能力和相关等心理需求的满足。
本研究采用欺凌参与者行为问卷（BPBQ）、运动动机中介量表（EMMD）和心理需求受挫量表（PNTS）。参与者为 708 名职业运动员。
EMMD 和 PNTS 均值比较表明，无欺凌经历的职业运动员在三个维度（能力、自主和相关）上都具有更高的心理满足感和更低的需求受挫感。在暴露于欺凌的群体中，受害者（18.92）和欺凌者（23.18）在能力方面需求最低，而欺凌者（26.14）和受害者（20.10）在自主方面需求最低。相关因素在受害者的捍卫者（34.06）中最为明显，而在受害者（16.39）中则最为明显。在局外人（outsiders）和捍卫者（defenders）中，受挫感最低，而在欺凌受害者（18.12）中，受挫感最高。但欺凌者及其助手的得分均明显高于其他两个角色。自主性需求受挫感在局外人（outsiders）和捍卫者（defenders）中最低，在受害者中最高，与相关维度的情况相同。
这项工作的实践和科学价值在于，它证明了欺凌行为对基本心理需求满足的负面影响。研究结果有助于制定和实施更新的教育计划和实践、领导系统，也有助于体育心理学家的工作。
