Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamycka 129, 165 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, 141 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
Int J Biometeorol. 2023 Aug;67(8):1373-1385. doi: 10.1007/s00484-023-02507-2. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
It is acknowledged that climate change exacerbates social inequalities, and women have been reported as more vulnerable to heat than men in many studies in Europe, including the Czech Republic. This study aimed at investigating the associations between daily temperature and mortality in the Czech Republic in the light of a sex and gender perspective, taking into account other factors such as age and marital status. Daily mean temperature and individual mortality data recorded during the five warmest months of the year (from May to September) over the period 1995-2019 were used to fit a quasi-Poisson regression model, which included a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) to account for the delayed and non-linear effects of temperature on mortality. The heat-related mortality risks obtained in each population group were expressed in terms of risk at the 99th percentile of summer temperature relative to the minimum mortality temperature. Women were found generally more at risk to die because of heat than men, and the difference was larger among people over 85 years old. Risks among married people were lower than risks among single, divorced, and widowed people, while risks in divorced women were significantly higher than in divorced men. This is a novel finding which highlights the potential role of gender inequalities in heat-related mortality. Our study underlines the relevance of including a sex and gender dimension in the analysis of the impacts of heat on the population and advocates the development of gender-based adaptation policies to extreme heat.
人们承认气候变化加剧了社会不平等，在许多欧洲研究中，包括捷克共和国的研究都表明，女性比男性更容易受到高温的影响。本研究旨在从性别视角出发，研究捷克共和国的日温度与死亡率之间的关系，同时考虑年龄和婚姻状况等其他因素。使用 1995 年至 2019 年期间每年 5 月至 9 月五个最温暖月份的日平均温度和个体死亡率数据，拟合了一个拟泊松回归模型，其中包括分布式滞后非线性模型 (DLNM)，以解释温度对死亡率的延迟和非线性影响。在每个人群组中获得的与热相关的死亡率风险，以 99%分位数夏季温度相对于最低死亡率温度的风险来表示。与男性相比，女性普遍更容易因高温而死亡，而 85 岁以上人群的差异更大。已婚人群的风险低于单身、离婚和丧偶人群的风险，而离婚女性的风险明显高于离婚男性。这是一个新颖的发现，突出了性别不平等在与热相关的死亡率中的潜在作用。我们的研究强调了在分析高温对人口的影响时纳入性别维度的重要性，并主张制定基于性别的适应极端高温的政策。
