Hirjak Dusan, Daub Jonas, Brandt Geva A, Krayem Maria, Kubera Katharina M, Northoff Georg
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, J5, 68159, Mannheim, Deutschland.
Zentrum für Psychosoziale Medizin, Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Nervenarzt. 2023 Sep;94(9):835-841. doi: 10.1007/s00115-023-01519-y. Epub 2023 Jul 10.
Historical authors (e.g., Ludwig Binswanger and Eugène Minkowski) postulated that the experience of patients with schizophrenia is characterized by time fragmentation. From a clinical perspective, patients with schizophrenia also suffer from difficulties in spatial perception (e.g., abnormalities in the experience of interpersonal distance and spatial orientation). Although these changes can lead to a serious detachment from reality, to considerable suffering of the affected persons and to difficulties in the therapeutic process, the abnormal experience of space and time in psychotic disorders has not yet been sufficiently investigated. One possible reason is the lack of appropriate and standardized instruments that quantify the experience of space and time in patients with psychotic disorders. Based on an innovative concept, the so-called spatiotemporal psychopathology (STPP), a clinical rating scale for the systematic-quantitative assessment of spatial and temporal experience in patients with psychotic disorders was developed. This article presents the German version of the Scale for Space and Time Experience in Psychosis (STEP). The original English version of the STEP measures different spatial (14 phenomena) and temporal (11 phenomena) phenomena in 25 items. The STEP shows both a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94) and a significant correlation with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; p < 0.001). In summary, the German version of the STEP scale presented here represents an important instrument in the German-speaking countries for the assessment of spatial and temporal experience in patients with psychotic disorders.
历史上的作者（如路德维希·宾斯万格和欧仁·明科夫斯基）推测，精神分裂症患者的体验具有时间碎片化的特征。从临床角度来看，精神分裂症患者在空间感知方面也存在困难（例如，人际距离体验和空间定向异常）。尽管这些变化会导致与现实严重脱节、给患者带来巨大痛苦以及治疗过程中出现困难，但精神病性障碍中时空的异常体验尚未得到充分研究。一个可能的原因是缺乏合适且标准化的工具来量化精神病性障碍患者的时空体验。基于一个创新概念，即所谓的时空精神病理学（STPP），开发了一种用于系统定量评估精神病性障碍患者时空体验的临床评定量表。本文介绍了《精神病性障碍时空体验量表》（STEP）的德语版本。STEP的原始英语版本在25个条目中测量不同的空间现象（14种现象）和时间现象（11种现象）。STEP显示出高内部一致性（克朗巴赫α系数=0.94），并且与阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS；p<0.001）有显著相关性。总之，这里呈现的STEP量表德语版本是德语国家评估精神病性障碍患者时空体验的重要工具。
