Center for Spatial Information Science and Sustainable Development Applications, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China.
College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, China.
Nat Commun. 2023 Jul 10;14(1):4061. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-39588-x.
Wilkes Land and Totten Glacier (TG) in East Antarctica (EA) have been losing ice mass significantly since 1989. There is a lack of knowledge of long-term mass balance in the region which hinders the estimation of its contribution to global sea level rise. Here we show that this acceleration trend in TG has occurred since the 1960s. We reconstruct ice flow velocity fields of 1963-1989 in TG from the first-generation satellite images of ARGON and Landsat-1&4, and build a five decade-long record of ice dynamics. We find a persistent long-term ice discharge rate of 68 ± 1 Gt/y and an acceleration of 0.17 ± 0.02 Gt/y from 1963 to 2018, making TG the greatest contributor to global sea level rise in EA. We attribute the long-term acceleration near grounding line from 1963 to 2018 to basal melting likely induced by warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water. The speed up in shelf front during 1973-1989 was caused by a large calving front retreat. As the current trend continues, intensified monitoring in the TG region is recommended in the next decades.
自 1989 年以来，南极洲东部的威尔克斯地和托滕冰川一直在大量失去冰量。由于该地区缺乏对长期质量平衡的了解，因此阻碍了对其对全球海平面上升的贡献的估计。在这里，我们表明 TG 的这种加速趋势自 20 世纪 60 年代以来就已经出现。我们从 ARGON 和 Landsat-1&4 的第一代卫星图像中重建了 1963-1989 年 TG 的冰流速度场，并建立了长达 50 年的冰动力学记录。我们发现，从 1963 年到 2018 年，TG 的冰排放率一直保持在 68 ± 1 Gt/y 的稳定水平，并呈加速状态，每年增加 0.17 ± 0.02 Gt/y，使 TG 成为 EA 对全球海平面上升贡献最大的冰川。我们认为，1963 年至 2018 年接近基岩线的长期加速可能是由温暖的环极深海水引起的底部融化所致。1973 年至 1989 年陆架前缘的加速是由于巨大的冰架前缘后退造成的。随着当前趋势的持续，建议在未来几十年内加强对 TG 地区的监测。
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