School of Physical Education, Shandong University, Jinan, 250061, China.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 10;23(1):1314. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16248-9.
COVID-19 lockdown measures have had a great negative impact on the development of sports competition in China, as well as on the quality of life of football referees. This study aims to explore the impact of lockdown measures implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of football referees in China and its mechanism of action.
The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale (ERI), the Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF). The scale was used from August to September 2022. Using an online questionnaire, 350 questionnaires were sent out and 338 were returned, for a return rate of 96.57%. Invalid questionnaires were excluded, and 307 football referees with referee grades in 29 provinces registered with the CFA were surveyed. SPSS 24.0 and Mplus 8.0 were used for data analysis and structural equation model testing in this study.
The results showed that the COVID-19 lockdown had no significant impact on the quality of life of Chinese football referees. However, the COVID-19 lockdown can affect the quality of life of Chinese football referees through occupational stress or job burnout. Occupational stress and job burnout also play a chain intermediary role between the COVID-19 lockdown and the quality of life of Chinese football referees. In addition, this study further explores the quality of life by dividing it into four dimensions (physical, social, psychological, and environmental). The results show that all four dimensions satisfy the chain mediation model.
Therefore, the quality of life of Chinese football referees can be improved by reducing their occupational stress and job burnout during the COVID-19 lockdown.
COVID-19 封锁措施对中国体育竞赛的发展以及足球裁判员的生活质量产生了巨大的负面影响。本研究旨在探讨 COVID-19 大流行期间实施的封锁措施对中国足球裁判员生活质量的影响及其作用机制。
使用修订后的事件影响量表（IES-R）、努力-回报失衡量表（ERI）、马斯拉赫倦怠量表通用调查（MBI-GS）和世界卫生组织生活质量简要版（WHOQOL-BREF）进行调查。该量表于 2022 年 8 月至 9 月使用。通过在线问卷共发放 350 份问卷，回收 338 份，回收率为 96.57%。排除无效问卷后，对 CFA 注册的 29 个省的 307 名具有裁判等级的足球裁判员进行了调查。本研究采用 SPSS 24.0 和 Mplus 8.0 进行数据分析和结构方程模型检验。
结果表明，COVID-19 封锁对中国足球裁判员的生活质量没有显著影响。然而，COVID-19 封锁可以通过职业压力或工作倦怠来影响中国足球裁判员的生活质量。职业压力和工作倦怠也在 COVID-19 封锁和中国足球裁判员的生活质量之间发挥了连锁中介作用。此外，本研究通过将生活质量分为四个维度（身体、社会、心理和环境）进一步进行了探讨。结果表明，所有四个维度都满足连锁中介模型。
因此，通过减少 COVID-19 封锁期间的职业压力和工作倦怠，可以提高中国足球裁判员的生活质量。
