Computer Science Department, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Memorandumului 28, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Sensors (Basel). 2023 May 10;23(10):4640. doi: 10.3390/s23104640.
To ensure the success of energy transition and achieve the target of reducing the carbon footprint of energy systems, the management of energy systems needs to be decentralized. Public blockchains offer favorable features to support energy sector democratization and reinforce citizens' trust, such as tamper-proof energy data registration and sharing, decentralization, transparency, and support for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. However, in blockchain-based P2P energy markets, transactional data are public and accessible, which raises privacy concerns related to prosumers' energy profiles while lacking scalability and featuring high transactional costs. In this paper, we employ secure multi-party computation (MPC) to assure privacy on a P2P energy flexibility market implementation in Ethereum by combining the prosumers' flexibility orders data and storing it safely on the chain. We provide an encoding mechanism for orders on the energy market to obfuscate the amount of energy traded by creating groups of prosumers, by splitting the amount of energy from bids and offers, and by creating group-level orders. The solution wraps around the smart contracts-based implementation of an energy flexibility marketplace, assuring privacy features on all market operations such as order submission, matching bids and offers, and commitment in trading and settlement. The experimental results show that the proposed solution is effective in supporting P2P energy flexibility trading, reducing the number of transactions, and gas consumption with a limited computational time overhead.
为了确保能源转型的成功并实现降低能源系统碳足迹的目标，需要对能源系统进行去中心化管理。公共区块链提供了有利的特性来支持能源部门的民主化，并增强公民的信任，例如防篡改的能源数据注册和共享、去中心化、透明度以及对点对点 (P2P) 能源交易的支持。然而，在基于区块链的 P2P 能源市场中，交易数据是公开且可访问的，这引发了与消费者能源档案相关的隐私问题，同时缺乏可扩展性且交易成本高。在本文中，我们通过将消费者的灵活性订单数据组合并安全地存储在链上来使用安全多方计算 (MPC) 来确保以太坊中 P2P 能源灵活性市场实施的隐私性。我们提供了一种针对能源市场订单的编码机制，通过创建消费者组、拆分出价和报价的能源数量以及创建组级订单来混淆交易的能源数量。该解决方案围绕基于智能合约的能源灵活性市场实现，确保在所有市场操作（如订单提交、匹配出价和报价以及交易和结算中的承诺）中具有隐私功能。实验结果表明，所提出的解决方案在支持 P2P 能源灵活性交易、减少交易数量和气体消耗方面非常有效，同时计算开销有限。
