Gajda Robert, Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena, Styczyńska Marzena, Jarossová Małgorzata Agnieszka
Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Food and Consumption Market Research, Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Foods. 2022 Oct 15;11(20):3222. doi: 10.3390/foods11203222.
The aging of societies and the quality of life of the elderly may be accompanied by food insecurity. The aim of the study was to find the relationships between the perceptions of various causes of food insecurity, i.e., financial, social, health, and spatial, and then between those and the selected sociodemographic characteristics. The survey was conducted in late 2018 and early 2019 among 760 people aged 65 and older in two regions of Poland. Factor analysis with the use of principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify the main causes of the prevalence of food insecurity. Cluster analysis using Ward's hierarchical classification and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between the identified reasons for food insecurity, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status (SES). Two groups of causes that favor the experience of food insecurity among the elderly were identified, i.e., economic-social reasons and spatial-health reasons. They relate to such situations of food insecurity as concerns about food shortages, lack of staple foods, limited size or frequency of meals, and skipping meals. The high importance of economic-social (HE-S) reasons was associated with the low importance of spatial-health (LS-H) reasons, and conversely, the high importance of spatial-health (HS-H) causes was associated with the low importance of economic-social (LE-S) causes. HE-S and LS-H reasons were combined with low SES and residence in a city of more than 100,000 inhabitants. HS-H causes, on the other hand, were associated with LE-S causes and living in rural areas or towns of fewer than 100,000 inhabitants, as well as high SES. This specificity should be considered in the development of strategies and interventions aimed at reducing the phenomenon of experiencing food insecurity in the elderly population.
社会老龄化以及老年人的生活质量可能伴随着粮食不安全问题。本研究的目的是找出粮食不安全各种原因（即经济、社会、健康和空间方面的原因）的认知之间的关系，然后找出这些原因与选定的社会人口特征之间的关系。2018年末至2019年初，在波兰两个地区对760名65岁及以上的老年人进行了调查。使用主成分分析（PCA）进行因子分析，以确定粮食不安全普遍存在的主要原因。使用沃德层次分类法进行聚类分析和逻辑回归分析，以评估已确定的粮食不安全原因、人口特征和社会经济地位（SES）之间的关系。确定了两组有利于老年人经历粮食不安全的原因，即经济 - 社会原因和空间 - 健康原因。它们与粮食不安全的情况相关，例如对食物短缺的担忧、主食缺乏、膳食量或频率有限以及不吃饭。经济 - 社会（高重要性 - 社会）原因的高度重要性与空间 - 健康（低重要性 - 健康）原因的低重要性相关，反之，空间 - 健康（高重要性 - 健康）原因的高度重要性与经济 - 社会（低重要性 - 社会）原因的低重要性相关。高重要性 - 社会和低重要性 - 健康原因与低社会经济地位以及居住在人口超过10万居民的城市相关。另一方面，高重要性 - 健康原因与低重要性 - 社会原因以及居住在农村地区或人口少于10万居民的城镇相关，以及与高社会经济地位相关。在制定旨在减少老年人口粮食不安全现象的战略和干预措施时，应考虑到这种特殊性。
