ISGlobal, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Nutrients. 2023 Apr 23;15(9):2033. doi: 10.3390/nu15092033.
Gestational vitamin D levels may influence offspring growth and modulate adipogenesis. Findings from prospective studies are inconsistent, and few have evaluated the persistence of these associations into late childhood.
To examine the association between prenatal vitamin D levels and growth and adiposity in late childhood.
We included 2027 mother-child pairs from the INMA birth cohort. 25-hydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D) levels were measured in serum at 13 weeks of pregnancy. Sex- and age-specific body mass index z-scores were calculated at 7 and 11 years, overweight was defined as z-score ≥ 85th percentile, and body fat mass was measured at 11 years. Z-score body mass index (zBMI) trajectories from birth to 11 years were identified using latent class growth analysis.
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was 17.5%, and around 40% of the children had overweight at both ages. Associations between vitamin D levels and outcomes differed by sex. In boys, maternal vitamin D deficient status was associated with higher zBMI, higher fat mass percentage, higher odds of being overweight, and with an increased risk of belonging to lower birth size followed by accelerated BMI gain trajectory. In girls no associations were observed.
Our results support a sex-specific programming effect of early pregnancy vitamin D levels on offspring body composition into late childhood observed in boys.
孕期维生素 D 水平可能影响后代的生长，并调节脂肪生成。前瞻性研究的结果不一致，而且很少有研究评估这些关联在儿童后期的持续性。
研究孕期维生素 D 水平与儿童后期生长和肥胖的关系。
我们纳入了 INMA 出生队列中的 2027 对母婴。在妊娠 13 周时测量血清 25-羟维生素 D（维生素 D）水平。在 7 岁和 11 岁时计算性别和年龄特异性体重指数 z 分数，超重定义为 z 分数≥第 85 百分位数，在 11 岁时测量体脂肪量。使用潜在类别增长分析识别从出生到 11 岁的 zBMI 轨迹。
维生素 D 缺乏症（<20ng/mL）的患病率为 17.5%，约 40%的儿童在两个年龄段都超重。维生素 D 水平与结果之间的关系因性别而异。在男孩中，母亲维生素 D 缺乏状态与较高的 zBMI、较高的体脂肪百分比、较高的超重几率以及较低的出生体重随后加速 BMI 增长轨迹有关。在女孩中未观察到相关性。
我们的结果支持了妊娠早期维生素 D 水平对男孩后代体成分的性别特异性编程效应，这种效应一直持续到儿童后期。
