Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education of Charles University and the Economics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Praha 1, 111 21, Czech Republic.
Healthcare Innovation Institute, Moravian Business College Olomouc, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023 Jul 18;120(29):e2221654120. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2221654120. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
Survivor testimonies link survival in deadly POW camps, Gulags, and Nazi concentration camps to the formation of close friendships with other prisoners. To provide evidence free of survival bias on the importance of social ties for surviving the Holocaust, we study individual histories of 30 thousand Jewish prisoners who entered the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp on transports from the Theresienstadt ghetto. We ask whether the availability of potential friends among fellow prisoners on a transport influenced the chances of surviving the Holocaust. Relying on multiple proxies of preexisting social networks and varying social-linkage composition of transports, we uncover a significant survival advantage to entering Auschwitz with a larger group of potential friends.
幸存者的证言表明，在死亡战俘营、古拉格和纳粹集中营中幸存下来，与其他囚犯建立亲密友谊是有关联的。为了提供没有生存偏差的证据，证明社会关系对于在大屠杀中生存的重要性，我们研究了从特莱西恩施塔特隔都进入奥斯威辛-比克瑙集中营的 3 万名犹太囚犯的个人历史。我们询问了在运输过程中，囚犯同伴中潜在朋友的存在是否会影响他们在大屠杀中幸存下来的机会。利用预先存在的社交网络的多个代理和运输过程中社交联系组成的变化，我们发现，与一群潜在的朋友一起进入奥斯威辛，会有明显的生存优势。
