Department of Human Pathology in Adult and Developmental Age "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Department of Economics, University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
Fetal Diagn Ther. 2023;50(6):415-421. doi: 10.1159/000531781. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
Pregnant women are protected from the complications of COVID-19 infection, thanks to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. The benefit of this vaccination to prevent morbidity and mortality in the fetus has not yet been completely elucidated. Our aim was to test the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the amniotic fluid during the second trimester of pregnancy and then to compare them to the antibody levels in maternal serum to evaluate their correlation and to improve amniotic fluid immunological characteristics knowledge.
This cohort study took place at the Policlinico G. Martino of Messina from September 2021 to February 2022; 22 pregnant women had amniocentesis: we analyzed serum and amniotic fluid samples of women who contracted the SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccinated against the same virus within 1 year, and women never infected or vaccinated against it. Amniotic fluids and peripheral blood were collected to evaluate IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and spike S1 protein antibodies.
Patients vaccinated had higher S1 receptor-binding domain antibody levels both in amniotic fluid (p < 0.006; mean 68.70; standard deviation [SD] 85.46) and maternal blood (p < 0.005; mean 1,989.86; SD 3,777.15) than unvaccinated women. Anti-nucleocapsid antibodies were present in women who developed COVID infection both in amniotic fluid and maternal blood but not in unvaccinated women. There was a high correlation between the concentrations of anti-spike antibody levels in serum and amniotic fluid of vaccinated women (p < 0.001; R = 1.0) and of anti-nucleocapsid antibody levels in serum and amniotic fluid of women who developed COVID infection (p < 0.001; R = 0.93).
Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy is safe. Moreover, we can assume that there is an early transplacental antibody transfer after anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunization to protect the fetus, and there is also a high correlation between levels of anti-nucleocapsid antibodies in blood and amniotic fluid of pregnant women previously infected.
由于严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）疫苗的接种，孕妇免受 COVID-19 感染并发症的影响。这种疫苗预防胎儿发病和死亡的益处尚未完全阐明。我们的目的是在妊娠中期检测羊水中是否存在抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体，然后将其与母血清中的抗体水平进行比较，以评估它们的相关性，并提高对羊水中免疫特性的认识。
这项队列研究于 2021 年 9 月至 2022 年 2 月在墨西拿的 Policlinico G. Martino 进行；对 22 名接受羊膜穿刺术的孕妇进行了分析：我们分析了在 1 年内感染 SARS-CoV-2 或接种该病毒疫苗的孕妇、从未感染或接种过该病毒的孕妇的血清和羊水样本。采集羊水和外周血以评估 IgG 抗 SARS-CoV-2 核衣壳和刺突 S1 蛋白抗体。
接种疫苗的患者在羊水中的 S1 受体结合域抗体水平（p < 0.006；平均值 68.70；标准差 [SD] 85.46）和母血中（p < 0.005；平均值 1,989.86；SD 3,777.15）均高于未接种疫苗的女性。在羊水和母血中均检测到发生 COVID 感染的女性存在抗核衣壳抗体，但在未接种疫苗的女性中未检测到。接种疫苗的女性血清和羊水中抗刺突抗体水平之间存在高度相关性（p < 0.001；R = 1.0），以及发生 COVID 感染的女性血清和羊水中抗核衣壳抗体水平之间存在高度相关性（p < 0.001；R = 0.93）。
最近的研究表明，妊娠期间接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗是安全的。此外，我们可以假设，在接种抗 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗后，会发生早期胎盘抗体转移，以保护胎儿，并且先前感染的孕妇血液和羊水的抗核衣壳抗体水平之间也存在高度相关性。
