Safety Science and Engineering College, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China.
Research Institute of Civil Aviation Safety, Civil Aviation University of China (CAUC), Tianjin, China.
Chronobiol Int. 2023 Jul 3;40(7):926-937. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2235011. Epub 2023 Jul 11.
We analyzed the characteristics of sustained attention changes in flight crews during exempt and non-exempt flights. Fourteen pilots (aged 30-43 y) participated in this study, with seven involved in each flight type, all of which were intercontinental (China to North America). Pilots completed continuous performance tests (CPT) at the required flight stages without compromising safety while on duty. No significant differences in sleep and sustained attention emerged between the exempt and non-exempt flight crews. Pilots' fatigue was highest in the early morning hours. Their general stability of efficiency increased during the day and decreased at night. Non-exempt flight crews appeared to sacrifice reaction rate to improve accuracy. Exempt crews appeared to increase their test proficiency. The task stability time of the non-exempt flight crews was better than that of the exempt ones. Short-term stability was better for exempt inbound flights rather than for outbound ones. Pilots were more prone to error runs as their total time awake increased, especially on non-exempt flights. The addition of crew members to exempt flights, allowance for more in-flight rest shifts, and over-stop rest on non-exempt flights may alleviate pilot fatigue and preserve alertness.
我们分析了飞行机组在豁免和非豁免飞行期间持续注意力变化的特点。14 名飞行员（年龄 30-43 岁）参与了这项研究，其中豁免和非豁免飞行类型各有 7 名飞行员，均为洲际飞行（中国到北美）。飞行员在执勤期间不影响安全的情况下，在规定的飞行阶段完成连续性能测试（CPT）。豁免和非豁免飞行机组在睡眠和持续注意力方面没有显著差异。飞行员的疲劳在清晨最高。他们的效率总体稳定性在白天增加，晚上降低。非豁免飞行机组似乎牺牲了反应速度来提高准确性。豁免机组似乎提高了他们的测试水平。非豁免飞行机组的任务稳定性时间优于豁免飞行机组。豁免入境航班的短期稳定性优于豁免出境航班。随着总清醒时间的增加，飞行员更容易出现错误运行，尤其是在非豁免航班上。在豁免航班上增加机组人员，允许更多的飞行中休息班次，以及在非豁免航班上的中途休息，可以缓解飞行员的疲劳，保持警觉。
