Eriksen Claire Anne, Akerstedt Torbjörn
National Institute for Psychosocial Factors and Health (IPM), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Chronobiol Int. 2006;23(4):843-58. doi: 10.1080/07420520600865574.
The aim of the investigation was to compare sleepiness and sleep on westward morning and evening flights. Seven morning-crew pilots and seven evening-crew pilots participated. Data were collected before, during, and after outward-bound (westward) and homeward-bound (eastward) flights across six time zones. A sleep/wake diary (with repeated sleepiness and performance ratings) and wrist actigraphy were used for data collection. Maximum sleep was obtained after return and minimum sleep before the outward-bound flights. Actigraphy measures and sleep efficiency over the course of the study showed no significant differences between the morning and evening crews. There was a trend for a significant effect of morning vs. evening flight for time with heavy eyelids, with the homeward-bound flight showing more time with heavy eyelids. There were no significant differences between morning and evening crews with regard to napping during the flight. The duration of wakefulness was longer for the evening flight crew. There were significant interactions for Karolinska sleepiness scale (KSS) self-ratings on both the outward-bound and homeward-bound flights, and KSS was elevated during a considerable portion of the evening flights. Rated performance showed a significant time effect, but there was no difference in self-ratings between morning and evening crews. Evening flights involve higher levels of sleepiness than morning flights, presumably because of the close proximity in time to the circadian trough of alertness.
该调查的目的是比较向西的早晚航班上的困倦程度和睡眠情况。七名早班机组飞行员和七名晚班机组飞行员参与了调查。在跨六个时区的往返（向西）和返程（向东）航班之前、期间和之后收集数据。使用睡眠/清醒日记（包括重复的困倦程度和表现评分）和手腕活动记录仪来收集数据。返程后获得的睡眠最多，出发前的睡眠最少。在研究过程中，活动记录仪测量结果和睡眠效率在早班和晚班机组之间没有显著差异。对于眼皮沉重的时间，早晚航班存在显著影响的趋势，返程航班显示眼皮沉重的时间更多。在飞行期间的小憩方面，早班和晚班机组之间没有显著差异。晚班机组的清醒时间更长。在往返航班上，卡罗林斯卡困倦量表（KSS）自评存在显著的交互作用，并且在相当一部分晚班航班期间KSS升高。额定表现显示出显著的时间效应，但早班和晚班机组的自评没有差异。晚班航班的困倦程度高于早班航班，可能是因为与昼夜节律中的警觉低谷时间接近。
