重症监护病房护士对新型冠状病毒肺炎感染预防与控制的知识、态度及实践
Intensive care unit nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practices of COVID-19 infection prevention and control.
作者信息
Bangani Onga, English René, Dramowski Angela
机构信息
Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
出版信息
S Afr J Infect Dis. 2023 Jun 29;38(1):478. doi: 10.4102/sajid.v38i1.478. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Intensive care units (ICUs) had to rapidly adapt infection prevention and control (IPC) practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
OBJECTIVES
To determine ICU nurses' COVID-19 IPC-related knowledge, attitudes, practices, and perceptions.
METHOD
A mixed-methods study was conducted at the Groote Schuur Hospital ICU, Cape Town, South Africa (20 April 2021 and 30 May 2021). Participants completed anonymous, self-administered, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) questionnaires. Individual interviews were conducted regarding nurses' lived experiences and perceptions of COVID-19 IPC in critical care.
RESULTS
In total, 116 ICU nurses participated (93.5% response rate) including 57 professional nurses (49%), 34 enrolled nurses (29%) and 25 enrolled nursing assistants (22%); young females (31-49 years) predominating ( = 99; 85.3%). Nurses' overall COVID-19 IPC knowledge scores were moderately good (78%); professional nurses had greater knowledge of COVID-19 transmission ( < 0.001). Intensive care unit nurses' attitude scores towards COVID-19 IPC were low (55%), influenced by limited IPC training, insufficient time to implement IPC and shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE). Respondents' scores for self-reported COVID-19 IPC practices were moderate (65%); highest compliance rates were for hand hygiene after touching patient surroundings (68%). Only 47% ICU nurses underwent N95 respirator fit-testing despite working in a COVID-19 ICU.
CONCLUSION
Regular COVID-19 IPC training is needed to equip ICU nurses with the knowledge and skills to prevent healthcare-associated COVID-19 transmission. Enhanced IPC training and consistent PPE availability may support more favourable attitudes and better IPC practices. Comprehensive IPC and occupational health support should be offered to ensure ICU nurses' wellbeing during pandemics.
CONTRIBUTION
Enhanced IPC training and consistent PPE availability may support better attitudes and IPC practices.
背景
在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间，重症监护病房（ICU）必须迅速调整感染预防与控制（IPC）措施。
目的
确定ICU护士关于COVID-19感染预防与控制的知识、态度、措施及认知。
方法
于2021年4月20日至2021年5月30日在南非开普敦的格罗特舒尔医院ICU开展了一项混合方法研究。参与者完成了匿名的、自行填写的知识、态度和措施（KAP）问卷。就护士在重症监护中对COVID-19感染预防与控制的实际经历和认知进行了个人访谈。
结果
共有116名ICU护士参与（回复率93.5%），其中包括57名专业护士（49%）、34名注册护士（29%）和25名注册护理助理（22%）；以年轻女性（31 - 49岁）为主（n = 99；85.3%）。护士的COVID-19感染预防与控制总体知识得分中等（78%）；专业护士对COVID-19传播的了解更多（P < 0.001）。ICU护士对COVID-19感染预防与控制的态度得分较低（55%），受感染预防与控制培训有限、实施感染预防与控制的时间不足以及个人防护装备（PPE）短缺的影响。受访者自我报告的COVID-19感染预防与控制措施得分中等（65%）；接触患者周围环境后手部卫生的依从率最高（68%）。尽管在COVID-19 ICU工作，但只有47%的ICU护士接受了N95口罩适合性测试。
结论
需要定期开展COVID-19感染预防与控制培训，以使ICU护士具备预防医疗相关COVID-19传播的知识和技能。加强感染预防与控制培训以及持续提供个人防护装备可能有助于形成更积极的态度和更好的感染预防与控制措施。应提供全面的感染预防与控制及职业健康支持，以确保大流行期间ICU护士的健康。
贡献
加强感染预防与控制培训以及持续提供个人防护装备可能有助于形成更好的态度和感染预防与控制措施。
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