Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Psychol Med. 2023 Dec;53(16):7795-7804. doi: 10.1017/S0033291723001824. Epub 2023 Jul 12.
Childhood trauma may impact the course of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD), specifically in relation to the increased severity of depressive or negative symptoms. The type and impact of trauma may differ between sexes. In a large sample of recent-onset patients, we investigated the associations of depressive and negative symptoms with childhood trauma and whether these are sex-specific.
A total of 187 first-episode psychosis patients in remission (Handling Antipsychotic Medication: Long-term Evaluation of Targeted Treatment study) and 115 recent-onset SSD patients (Simvastatin study) were included in this cross-sectional study (men: = 218; women: = 84). Total trauma score and trauma subtypes were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Short Form; depressive and negative symptoms were rated using the Positive And Negative Symptoms Scale. Sex-specific regression analyses were performed.
Women reported higher rates of sexual abuse than men (23.5% 7.8%). Depressive symptoms were associated with total trauma scores and emotional abuse ratings in men (: 0.219-0.295; ≤ 0.001). In women, depressive symptoms were associated with sexual abuse ratings (: 0.271; = 0.011). Negative symptoms were associated with total trauma score and emotional neglect ratings in men (: 0.166-0.232; ≤ 0.001). Negative symptoms in women were not linked to childhood trauma, potentially due to lack of statistical power.
Depressive symptom severity was associated with different types of trauma in men and women with recent-onset SSD. Specifically, in women, depressive symptom severity was associated with childhood sexual abuse, which was reported three times as often as in men. Our results emphasize the importance of sex-specific analyses in SSD research.
童年创伤可能会影响精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）的病程，尤其是与抑郁或阴性症状的严重程度增加有关。创伤的类型和影响可能因性别而异。在一项对近期发病的大量患者的研究中，我们调查了抑郁和阴性症状与童年创伤的关联，以及这些关联是否具有性别特异性。
这项横断面研究共纳入了 187 名缓解期首发精神病患者（抗精神病药物处理：长期靶向治疗研究）和 115 名近期发病的 SSD 患者（辛伐他汀研究）（男性：=218；女性：=84）。使用儿童期创伤问卷短式量表评估总创伤评分和创伤亚型；使用阳性和阴性症状量表评估抑郁和阴性症状。进行了性别特异性回归分析。
女性报告的性虐待发生率高于男性（23.5% 比 7.8%）。抑郁症状与男性的总创伤评分和情感虐待评分相关（=0.219-0.295；≤0.001）。在女性中，抑郁症状与性虐待评分相关（=0.271；=0.011）。阴性症状与男性的总创伤评分和情感忽视评分相关（=0.166-0.232；≤0.001）。女性的阴性症状与童年创伤无关，这可能是由于统计效力不足。
在近期发病的 SSD 患者中，抑郁症状严重程度与男性和女性不同类型的创伤有关。具体来说，在女性中，抑郁症状严重程度与童年性虐待有关，而男性报告的性虐待发生率是女性的三倍。我们的研究结果强调了在 SSD 研究中进行性别特异性分析的重要性。
