Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valladolid, Spain.
Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, La Laguna, Spain.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 2023 Nov;37(11):e23455. doi: 10.1002/jbt.23455. Epub 2023 Jul 12.
The influence of modern lifestyle, diet, exposure to chemicals such as phytosanitary substances, together with sedentary lifestyles and lack of exercise play an important role in inducing reactive stress (RS) and disease. The imbalance in the production and scavenging of free radicals and the induction of RS (oxidative, nitrosative, and halogenative) plays an essential role in the etiology of various chronic pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. The implication of free radicals and reactive species injury in metabolic disturbances and the onset of many diseases have been accumulating for several decades, and are now accepted as a major cause of many chronic diseases. Exposure to elevated levels of free radicals can cause molecular structural impact on proteins, lipids, and DNA, as well as functional alteration of enzyme homeostasis, leading to aberrations in gene expression. Endogenous depletion of antioxidant enzymes can be mitigated using exogenous antioxidants. The current interest in the use of exogenous antioxidants as adjunctive agents for the treatment of human diseases allows a better understanding of these diseases, facilitating the development of new therapeutic agents with antioxidant activity to improve the treatment of various diseases. Here we examine the role that RS play in the initiation of disease and in the reactivity of free radicals and RS in organic and inorganic cellular components.
现代生活方式、饮食、接触农药等化学物质，以及久坐不动的生活方式和缺乏运动，共同导致了活性应激（RS）和疾病的发生。自由基的产生和清除失衡以及 RS（氧化、硝化和卤化）的诱导，在心血管疾病、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和癌症等各种慢性病理的发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。自由基和活性物质损伤在代谢紊乱和许多疾病发病中的作用已经积累了几十年，现在被认为是许多慢性疾病的主要原因。自由基水平升高会导致蛋白质、脂质和 DNA 的分子结构受到影响，以及酶动态平衡的功能改变，从而导致基因表达异常。内源性抗氧化酶的消耗可以通过外源性抗氧化剂来减轻。目前，人们对外用抗氧化剂作为辅助治疗人类疾病的兴趣日益浓厚，这有助于更好地了解这些疾病，促进开发具有抗氧化活性的新治疗药物，以改善各种疾病的治疗效果。在这里，我们研究了 RS 在疾病发生中的作用，以及自由基和 RS 在有机和无机细胞成分中的反应活性。
